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IELTS COURSES --> IELTS Lesson --> Academic reading
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IELTS Lesson - Multiple Choice Questions

 
Objectives:
·        To practice IELTS multiple choice questions
·        To practice scanning techniques
·        To practice skimming techniques
·        To look at the use of synonyms in IELTS reading questions
 
Strategies to answer the questions
1.    Look through the questions first
2.    Underline key words from the question
3.    Then scan the text for those key words that you have underlined
4.    The answer should be found close to that word
5.    The answers will be found in the text in the same order as the questions
 
Things to beware of
There will be synonyms used in the reading - the words in the IELTS multiple choice questions may not be the same as in the text
 
Identifying the question type
Before you start any reading passage, you should firstly take a look at the question stems to get an idea of what you may need to look out for.
So now look at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions below this reading.
If you look at the question stems, you will see that names are often mentioned e.g. James Alan Fox, John J. DiIulio, Michael Tonry. So this immediately tells you it is a good idea to underline 'names' as you read the text.
You will then be able to quickly scan the text later to find where the answers are.
Looking at the question stems first also gives you an idea of what the reading is about.
 
Underline / highlight key words
As you read the text, you should get into the habit of highlighting words that you think may be important and will help you find answers later.
These are often nouns like names, dates, numbers or any other key words that stand out as a key topic of that paragraph.
Looking at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions quickly first may help with this.
 
IELTS Reading Multiple Choice Questions
This type of question follows the order of the text. So when you have found one answer, you know that the next one will be below, and probably not too far away.
When you start looking at the questions, you should underline key words in the question stem to help you find the answers in the text.
Look at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions again - as you will see, key words have been highlighted. You can use these to help you scan the text to find the answers more quickly.
 
Reading in detail
When you read the text for the first time, you should focus on the topic sentences, and skim the rest of the paragraph.
But once you start answering the IELTS reading multiple choice questions and you have found where the answer is, you will need to read the text carefully in order to identify the correct choice.
Tip: Do not think that just because you have found some words in the multiple choices (a, b or c) that match the words in the text that this must be the right answer. It's usually not that simple so you must read the section where you think the answer is carefully.
 
One Paragraph Practice Exercise
Before looking at a longer reading, we'll have a practice with two paragraphs. It is the first part of the full reading you will do.
Identify the key word in the question first of all. Then scan the text to find it. When you have done this, read the sentences around this key word and see what information best matches the three choices you have.
Top of Form
1.    What is dry farming?
(A) Preserving nitrates and moisture.
(B) Ploughing the land again and again.
(C) Cultivating fallow land.
 
Bottom of Form
Australian Agricultural Innovations:
1850 – 1900
During this period, there was a wide spread expansion of agriculture in Australia. The selection system was begun, whereby small sections of land were parceled out by lot. Particularly in New South Wales, this led to conflicts between small holders and the emerging squatter class, whose abuse of the system often allowed them to take vast tracts of fertile land.
 
There were also many positive advances in farming technology as the farmers adapted agricultural methods to the harsh Australian conditions. One of the most important was “dry farming”. This was the discovery that repeated ploughing of fallow, unproductive land could preserve nitrates and moisture, allowing the land to eventually be cultivated. This, along with the extension of the railways allowed the development of what are now great inland wheat lands.
To answer this question you should have highlighted the word dry farming. You should then have been able to scan the two paragraphs to quickly find this word. Reading the information around it more carefully would the give you the answer: Cultivating means to improve and prepare (land) by ploughing or fertilizing, for raising crops.
So the answer was "the ploughing of fallow land...to eventually be cultivated."



 The CT Scanner

 

A
The computed tomography scanner,  better known as the CT scanner, was orig­inally designed to provide cross-sectional images of the brain. The word  tomog­raphy comes  from  the  Greek  word  tomos,  meaning  “section,”  and  graphia,meaning  “picture.”  Godfrey  Hounsfield  developed  the  technique  in  1972  and was later knighted and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to the medical field. Within four years of this development, CT scans, also called CAT scans  (computed  axial  tomography),  were  restructured,  allowing technicians  toscan  the  entire  body for evidence  of tumors,  injuries,  and  other abnormalities. Rather  than  taking a single  picture  as  in  an X ray,  a CT  scanner sends  several beams into an area and takes photographs from many different angles.
B
While the original CT scans took Hounsfield several hours to reconstruct into  a useful image,  today’s machines  can produce an in-depth image in a fraction of a second. Creating a scanner that could produce images at a faster rate was crucial in the development of tomography, as it reduced the degree of distortion in an image caused  when  patients  breathed  and  moved.  As  well  as  providing  images  with better resolution, today’s scanners also provide more comfort for the patient.
C
During a CT scan,  a patient must lie still on a special table while the radiology technician  locates  the  specific  area  that  needs  to  be  photographed.  The  table slides  into  a round  tunnel  (gantry),  where  it  can  be  rotated  or moved  forward and  backward  in  order to  obtain  the  necessary view.  Inside  the  donut-shaped machine, a number of X rays are taken, each producing a small slice of the image that  doctors  require.  When  passing  through  dense  tissue  such  as  a  bone,  the X-ray beams are weak and appear white in the CT images. Tissues such as those found  in  the  brain  are  less  dense  and  appear  gray.  Images  that  appear  black denote organs such as lungs or others that can fill with air.
D
The  CT  scanner  is  made  up  of several  computer  systems,  including  the  host computer,  which  organizes the  entire  process.  One  of the  computers  converts the  raw data into  an  image,  while  another allows  the technician  to  control  the rotation  of the  gantry.  After  the  information  is  processed,  it  is  displayed  on  a monitor for radiologists and physicians to analyze.3 The information is also saved and printed to keep in a doctor’s records and to share and discuss with patients and their family members.
E
Physicians order CT scans for a number of different reasons, including searching for and assessing tumors,  cysts,  kidney stones,  and  bone injuries.  Without  this technology,  surgeons  would  have  to  perform  many  needless  and  costly opera­tions.  Brain,  chest,  and  abdominal  CT  scans  are  the  most  common,  though physicians also rely on the CT scanner to guide their needles while draining an abscess or performing a biopsy. Most emergency or shock-treatment centers con­tain a CT scanner in order to assess trauma victims. CT scans can pinpoint inter­nal bleeding both in the brain and throughout the body.
F
In many cases, a patient must be given a contrast material before undergoing a CT scan. During “dynamic CT scanning,” iodine dye is either injected into the blood or added to a drink that the patient must ingest approximately forty-five minutesbefore entering the scanner. The liquid X-ray dye makes it easier to see the organs and blood vessels when the pictures are developed. The intravenous contrast mate­rial is typically used for chest or pelvic scans, while oral-contrast material is used for abdominal  scans.  In  some  cases,  physicians  request  that  pictures  be  taken  both before  and  after  the  contrast  material  enters  the  patient’s  body.  Patients  who receive contrast material in the arm often report feeling a warm sensation,  and in rare  cases  an  allergic  reaction  occurs.  Contrast  material  causes  water  loss  and  is avoided when scanning patients who suffer from kidney failure.
G
The danger of radiation exposure caused by X-ray beams is generally considered minimal  compared  to  the  benefits  that a CT scan  can  provide.  In  many cases, especially  in  the  detection  of tumors  and  internal  bleeding,  CT  scans  provide information that can save a person’s life.  Full-body scanning, which is saved for serious conditions such as coronary artery disease, remains a controversial procedure as prolonged exposure to radiation is linked to cancer. Pregnant women are excluded  from  receiving  CT  scans,  as  the  X  rays  can  be  harmful  to  the  fetus. When pregnant woman require an evaluation, most physicians favor using other procedures such as an ultrasound or an MRI.

Choose the correct answer.


1. Which THREE of the following are falets about the original CT scanner mentioned in the passage?
A. It was developed in 1972
B. It produced images in color
C. It made it difficult for patients to breathe
D. It took several hours to produce a completed image
E. It was created to take pictures of the brain
F. It was much bigger than current CT scanners
Explain:


2. Which THREE of the following are facts about contrast materials used for CT scans men­tioned in the passage?
A. They have a bitter taste
B. They may cause allergies in a few patients
C. They can be given by injection
D. They are bright in color
E. They are administered only by a specially trained technician
F. They might cause a feeling of warmth in the arm
Explain:
Total: 21 page(s)
Score: 0/10
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