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IELTS COURSES --> IELTS Lesson --> Academic reading

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IELTS Lesson - Multiple Choice Questions

Objectives:

· To practice IELTS multiple choice questions

· To practice scanning techniques

· To practice skimming techniques

· To look at the use of synonyms in IELTS reading questions

Strategies to answer the questions

1. Look through the questions first

2. Underline key words from the question

3. Then scan the text for those key words that you have underlined

4. The answer should be found close to that word

5. The answers will be found in the text in the same order as the questions

Things to beware of

There will be synonyms used in the reading - the words in the IELTS multiple choice questions may not be the same as in the text

Identifying the question type

Before you start any reading passage, you should firstly take a look at the question stems to get an idea of what you may need to look out for.

So now look at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions below this reading.

If you look at the question stems, you will see that names are often mentioned e.g. James Alan Fox, John J. DiIulio, Michael Tonry. So this immediately tells you it is a good idea to underline 'names' as you read the text.

You will then be able to quickly scan the text later to find where the answers are.

Looking at the question stems first also gives you an idea of what the reading is about.

Underline / highlight key words

As you read the text, you should get into the habit of highlighting words that you think may be important and will help you find answers later.

These are often nouns like names, dates, numbers or any other key words that stand out as a key topic of that paragraph.

Looking at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions quickly first may help with this.

IELTS Reading Multiple Choice Questions

This type of question follows the order of the text. So when you have found one answer, you know that the next one will be below, and probably not too far away.

When you start looking at the questions, you should underline key words in the question stem to help you find the answers in the text.

Look at the IELTS reading multiple choice questions again - as you will see, key words have been highlighted. You can use these to help you scan the text to find the answers more quickly.

Reading in detail

When you read the text for the first time, you should focus on the topic sentences, and skim the rest of the paragraph.

But once you start answering the IELTS reading multiple choice questions and you have found where the answer is, you will need to read the text carefully in order to identify the correct choice.

Tip: Do not think that just because you have found some words in the multiple choices (a, b or c) that match the words in the text that this must be the right answer. It's usually not that simple so you must read the section where you think the answer is carefully.

One Paragraph Practice Exercise

Before looking at a longer reading, we'll have a practice with two paragraphs. It is the first part of the full reading you will do.

Identify the key word in the question first of all. Then scan the text to find it. When you have done this, read the sentences around this key word and see what information best matches the three choices you have.

Top of Form

1. What is dry farming?

(A) Preserving nitrates and moisture.

(B) Ploughing the land again and again.

Australian Agricultural Innovations:
1850 – 1900

During this period, there was a wide spread expansion of agriculture in Australia. The selection system was begun, whereby small sections of land were parceled out by lot. Particularly in New South Wales, this led to conflicts between small holders and the emerging squatter class, whose abuse of the system often allowed them to take vast tracts of fertile land.

There were also many positive advances in farming technology as the farmers adapted agricultural methods to the harsh Australian conditions. One of the most important was “dry farming”. This was the discovery that repeated ploughing of fallow, unproductive land could preserve nitrates and moisture, allowing the land to eventually be cultivated. This, along with the extension of the railways allowed the development of what are now great inland wheat lands.

To answer this question you should have highlighted the word dry farming. You should then have been able to scan the two paragraphs to quickly find this word. Reading the information around it more carefully would the give you the answer: Cultivating means to improve and prepare (land) by ploughing or fertilizing, for raising crops.

So the answer was "the ploughing of fallow land...to eventually be cultivated."

UNMASKING SKIN

A If you took off your skin and laid it flat, it would cover an area of about twenty-one square feet, making it by far the body’s largest organ. Draped in place over our bodies, skin forms the barrier between what’s inside us and what’s outside. It protects us from a multitude of external forces. It serves as an avenue to our most intimate physical and psychological selves.

B This impervious yet permeable barrier, less than a millimetre thick in places, is composed of three layers. The outermost layer is the bloodless epidermis. The dermis includes collagen, elastin, and nerve endings. The innermost layer, subcutaneous fat, contains tissue that acts as an energy source, cushion and insulator for the body.

C From these familiar characteristics of skin emerge the profound mysteries of touch, arguably our most essential source of sensory stimulation. We can live without seeing or hearing - in fact, without any of our other senses. But babies born without effective nerve connections between skin and brain can fail to thrive and may even die.

D Laboratory experiments decades ago, now considered unethical and inhumane, kept baby monkeys from being touched by their mothers. It made no difference that the babies could see, hear and smell their mothers; without touching, the babies became apathetic, and failed to progress.

E For humans, insufficient touching in early years can have lifelong results. ‘In touching cultures, adult aggression is low, whereas in cultures where touch is limited, adult aggression is high,’ writes Tiffany Field, director of the Touch Research Institutes at the University of Miami School of Medicine. Studies of a variety of cultures show a correspondence between high rates of physical affection in childhood and low rates of adult physical violence.

F While the effects of touching are easy to understand, the mechanics of it are less so. ‘Your skin has millions of nerve cells of various shapes at different depths,’ explains Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ‘When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction, and no one knows exactly how it takes place. ’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split- second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain.

G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ‘In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain. ’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ‘When I get wet, my skin feels wet,’ I protest. ‘Close your eyes and lean back,’ says Bolanowski.

H Something cold and wet is on my forehead - so wet, in fact, that I wait for water to start dripping down my cheeks. ‘Open your eyes. ’ Bolanowski says, showing me that the sensation comes from a chilled, but dry, metal cylinder. The combination of pressure and cold, he explains, is what makes my skin perceive wetness. He gives me a surgical glove to put on and has me put a finger in a glass of cold water. My finger feels wet, even though I have visual proof that it’s not touching water. My skin, which seemed so reliable, has been deceiving me my entire life. When I shower or wash my hands, I now realize, my skin feels pressure and temperature. It’s my brain that says I feel wet.

I Perceptions of pressure, temperature and pain manifest themselves in many different ways. Gentle stimulation of pressure receptors can result in ticklishness; gentle stimulation of pain receptors, in itching. Both sensations arise from a neurological ; transmission, not from something that physically exists. Skin, I’m realizing, is under constant assault, both from within the body and from forces outside. Repairs occur with varying success.

J Take the spot where I nicked myself with a knife while slicing fruit. I have a crusty scab 1 surrounded by pink tissue about a quarter inch long on my right palm. Under the scab, epidermal cells are migrating into the wound to close it up. When the process is complete, the scab will fall off to reveal new epidermis. It’s only been a few days, but my j little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter.

Choose the correct answer.

1. How does a lack of affectionate touching affect children?

They will be less aggressive when they grow up.

It makes them apathetic.

They are more likely to become violent adults.

We do not really know.

Explain:

2. After the ‘wetness′ experiments, the writer says that ................

the experiments taught him nothing new.

he knew why it felt wet when it was dry.

his skin is not normal.

his skin was wet when it felt wet.

Explain:

Total: 21 page(s)

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