|
|
|
|
SECTION TEST - GENERAL TRAINING READING
(Time: 60 minutes)
|
|
Passage 1
The following table gives information about immunisation. IMMUNISATION CALENDAR | AGE | DISEASE | VACCINE | 2 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 4 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 6 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | 12 months | Measles, Mumps, Rubella | MMR | | Hib (PRP-OMP schedule only) | Hib vaccine (PRP-OMP) | 18 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, | DTPa or DTPw | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | Prior to school—4-5 years (+) | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPa or DTPw | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | (+) Attendance for these booster injections is essential. * DTP is the abbreviation for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, commonly referred to by the trade name “Triple Antigen” ** Abbreviations for haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) vaccines: HbOC is “HibTITER”; PRP-OMP is “PedvaxHIB”. HbOC (‘HibTITER’) is given at two, four, six and 18 months. PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB) is given at two, four and 12 months.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the table, answer the following questions.
Answer the questions by choosing the correct answer.
|
1. Which of the following would be an appropriate schedule for Type b influenza?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
2. The symbol (+) indicates ................
|
|
|
Explain:
|
Questions and Answers about Immunisation (A) For polio, Sabin oral vaccine is given by mouth-a few drops of pleasantly flavoured syrup on a spoon. For diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough a combined vaccine (triple antigen) is given by injection-a quick prick from the needle, over in a few seconds. Measles and rubella vaccine are also given by injection. (B) There are sometimes mild side effects to the triple antigen vaccine. These may include some local redness, tenderness and swelling at the site of the injection during the 48-hour period which follows it. There may also be slight nausea, fretfulness and feverishness. Major reactions are extremely rare. Possible reactions to measles immunisation include fever, rash and a stuffy nose about 5-12 days after the injection. These symptoms last about 2-3 days, do not cause much discomfort and normally do not require treatment. The child is not infective to others. (C) A full course of immunisation will still give protection when completed, even if it does not strictly follow the Health Commission's recommended schedule. (D) Although two months is the recommended starting age, immunisation will be equally effective if commenced in older children. The early start is advised because whooping cough is most serious in young babies. Immunisation can still ensure protection for children over eight years and adults, provided the vaccine appropriate to their age is used. | (E) If a child has diarrhoea, Sabin oral vaccine should not be given. If a child vomits within two hours of taking Sabin oral vaccine, the dose should be repeated. Before you have your child immunised, please tell the doctor if your child: • Is suffering from any sickness or allergy; • Has had a severe reaction to a previous immunisation such as persistent screaming or persistent vomiting, or collapse, or convulsions, or fever exceeding 29.5°C; • Has ever had fits, or if other members of the family have had an illness of the nervous system or convulsions; • Has had a blood transfusion or an injection of gamma globulin in the last three months; • Is under treatment with a cortisone-like drug. (F) For some children the Hepatitis B vaccine may also be recommended. Please consult your doctor for advice. (G) • Your doctor, or • Your local council, or • Community Health Centres in some Health Regions | Choose the appropriate answer.
|
1. The vaccine for which illness comes in the form of a syrup?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible side effect of the DTP vaccine?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
The text about immunisation gives the answers to questions commonly asked by parents. There are 7 sections A-G. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list below. NB: There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the headings more than once.
Passage 2
Job Interview Success When you apply for a job, the impression you create during the interview is just as important as the skills and background you bring to the table. The following suggestions will help you prepare for a successful interview. Before You Leave Home Dress appropriately. This means the attire you choose should be the same as what you would wear for work once you are hired. Conservative colors2 and styles always convey a more trustworthy image. Rehearse the interview at home. Think of questions that you will probably be asked, and prepare answers for them. This will help you be calm when you are at the actual interview. Don’t be late for your interview. The best way to avoid this problem is to decide ahead of time how you want to get there. If by bus or subway, check the schedules the day before. If by car, plan your route carefully and figure out how long it will take. Careful planning will ensure that you will make a good impression by arriving on time. During the Interview Speak clearly. Look the interviewer in the eye when speaking and use clear, confident tones. Do not speak too quickly or nervously. Rather, pronounce your words carefully and pause when searching for ideas. Speaking with a firm, clear voice is one of the best ways to give an impression of self-assurance. Ask questions. Do not be afraid to do this. It will not make you appear unprepared or stupid. On the contrary, asking the right questions shows that you are knowledgeable about the company and conveys the impression that you are interested and enthusiastic. Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
1.
|
the right questions/question
calm
voice
conservative
the schedule/the schedules
on time
|
Five Reasons Your Business Needs a Website All businesses, large or small, need a website. Here are several reasons a website can help a company of any size improve its business. A A website is the most important tool a business has for maintaining contact with customers. The website gives customers a way to know what services or products you sell and how to contact you. By offering an e-newsletter sign-up on your website, customers can stay informed about events related to your business and your products, and you save on printing costs. A link to your blog keeps customers up-to-date on what is happening with your business, and keeps them coming back. B A website allows you to expand your customer base beyond your immediate community, and even to other countries. Anyone in the world can have access to your services and products through your website, at no extra cost. C No matter what the size of your business, it is not hard to afford a website. It is easy to set up, and it does not have to break your budget. There are templates available if you want to create a website yourself. Or, you can hire a Web designer for a more professional look. Depending on what you need, using the services of a professional does not necessarily cost huge amounts of money. The hosting fees you pay to keep your website up and running are minimal. D You can save on expenses by keeping your website simple. Even just a few pages can be enough to provide your customers with the necessary information to keep them interested in what your business has to offer. A large website with lots of pages is not always necessary. The most essential facts to include in any website—your business name and location, your products, and your contact information—can be contained on just one page. E Your website can be a place for your customers to buy your products. You may still do most of your selling at your physical place of business, but the website is another opportunity to sell, and you can reach more customers this way, too. The text contains five sections, A—E. In which section can information about the following be found? You may use any option more than once.
|
1. finding international customers
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
2. the cost of maintaining a website
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
3. ways to communicate with customers
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
4. selling your products online
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
5. the size of your website
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
6. website design
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
7. the most important information to include
|
|
|
Explain:
|
Passage 3
Green Energy As energy prices rise and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions become more widespread, people everywhere are becoming increasingly concerned about using fossil fuels. More and more people are turning to so-called “green technologies” as a way to reduce dependence on non renewable fossil fuels. The ideal alternative energy source would be sustainable (the supply will not be exhausted), clean (no emissions), and reliable. The three most popular alternative energy sourcesare geothermal power, solar power, and wind power. Since geothermal energy taps heat from the earth, its resources range from water found just below the surface of the earth, to hot water and hot rock found a fewmiles below the surface, to even deeper rock of extremely high temperatures. In aprocess similar to drilling for oil, wells as deep as a mile or more can be drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam and hot water that are used to run turbines andcreate energy. Power companies can then transmit this energy over power lines. Geothermal power on a smaller scale can be used for heating and coolinghouses or commercial buildings. Geothermal heat pumps, also known asground-source heat pumps, rely on the fact that the earth beneath the surfaceremains at a relatively constant temperature throughout the year. Like a cave, theground is warmer than the air above it during the winter and cooler in the summer. The geothermal heat pump transfers the heat stored in the earth into the building during the winter, and transfers it out of the building and into the ground during the summer. The ground, in other words, acts as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer. While geothermal heat pumps are an emissions-free and reliable source of energy, the biggest disadvantage is that such systems are expensive to install. Solar energy has come a long way from the clunky boxes of the 1970s. Today, solar energy is commonly collected by sleek and efficient photovoltaic (PV)panels. The photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity and are made of semiconductors such as crystalline silicon or other thin-film materials. The benefitsof solar power vary according to how much exposure a given building has to thesun. However, one does not need to live in the desert to take advantage of solar power. Cloudy Germany is the worldwide leader in the use of solar power. Solar power is not as pricey as geothermal power, but having a panel professionally installed can still be costly. Some enterprising home-owners reduce the initial costs by purchasing inexpensive kits and setting up the system on their own. The biggest disadvantage of a solar power system is its dependence on the amount of sunlight collected, but some cutting-edge panels can generate energy even in the rain. Wind power is created when wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Most wind turbines convert the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical power. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator. Agenerator then converts this mechanical power into electricity. A group of wind turbines can produce electricity and feed it into the utility grid, where it is sent through transmission lines to homes and businesses. Like solar and geothermal energy, wind is a renewable resource that produces no emissions. Small wind energy systems can be used by homes, farms, or communities. Such systems can be connected to the larger electrical grid or used for stand-alone energy generation—a particularly attractive option for anyone living far from power company lines. A grid-connected wind turbine can reduce one’s reliance onthe power company for electricity . If the turbine cannot deliver the needed energy, the power company then makes up the difference. However, in order to take advantage of wind energy, a turbine must be in an area with average wind speed of at least 10 miles an hour, and such systems can be very expensive. Whether a given home or business uses wind, solar, or geothermal power depends on a variety of economic and environmental factors. However, expertsagree that investing in alternative energy now—whether by individuals or power companies—will pay dividends in the future.
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
1.
|
alternative energy
fossil fuels
sustainable
|
Choose the correct answer.
|
1. Which THREE of the following facts about geothermal energy are mentioned in the passage?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
2. Which THREE of the following facts about solar energy are mentioned in the passage?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
|
3. Which FOUR of the following facts about wind energy are mentioned in the passage?
|
|
|
Explain:
|
| No. | Date | Right Score | Total Score |
|
|
|
PARTNERS |
|
|
NEWS |
|
|
|
|
|
|