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SECTION TEST - GENERAL TRAINING READING
(Time: 60 minutes)
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Passage 1
The following table gives information about immunisation. IMMUNISATION CALENDAR | AGE | DISEASE | VACCINE | 2 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 4 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 6 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | 12 months | Measles, Mumps, Rubella | MMR | | Hib (PRP-OMP schedule only) | Hib vaccine (PRP-OMP) | 18 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, | DTPa or DTPw | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | Prior to school—4-5 years (+) | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPa or DTPw | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | (+) Attendance for these booster injections is essential. * DTP is the abbreviation for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, commonly referred to by the trade name “Triple Antigen” ** Abbreviations for haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) vaccines: HbOC is “HibTITER”; PRP-OMP is “PedvaxHIB”. HbOC (‘HibTITER’) is given at two, four, six and 18 months. PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB) is given at two, four and 12 months.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the table, answer the following questions.
Answer the questions by choosing the correct answer.
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1. Which of the following would be an appropriate schedule for Type b influenza?
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Explain:
2,4,6 and 18 months. This answer is also found in the same section as the answer to question 2. There are two possible schedules given for Type b influenza: HbOC at 2,4,6 and 18 months or PRP-OMP at 2,4 and 12 months. A, C and D do not describe either of these schedules. |
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2. The symbol (+) indicates
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Explain:
booster injections are necessary. Symbols such as t or an * refer you to an explanatory note, usually found at the bottom of the page or below a chart or table. They do not refer you to the information within the text. . |
Questions and Answers about Immunisation (A) For polio, Sabin oral vaccine is given by mouth-a few drops of pleasantly flavoured syrup on a spoon. For diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough a combined vaccine (triple antigen) is given by injection-a quick prick from the needle, over in a few seconds. Measles and rubella vaccine are also given by injection. (B) There are sometimes mild side effects to the triple antigen vaccine. These may include some local redness, tenderness and swelling at the site of the injection during the 48-hour period which follows it. There may also be slight nausea, fretfulness and feverishness. Major reactions are extremely rare. Possible reactions to measles immunisation include fever, rash and a stuffy nose about 5-12 days after the injection. These symptoms last about 2-3 days, do not cause much discomfort and normally do not require treatment. The child is not infective to others. (C) A full course of immunisation will still give protection when completed, even if it does not strictly follow the Health Commission's recommended schedule. (D) Although two months is the recommended starting age, immunisation will be equally effective if commenced in older children. The early start is advised because whooping cough is most serious in young babies. Immunisation can still ensure protection for children over eight years and adults, provided the vaccine appropriate to their age is used. | (E) If a child has diarrhoea, Sabin oral vaccine should not be given. If a child vomits within two hours of taking Sabin oral vaccine, the dose should be repeated. Before you have your child immunised, please tell the doctor if your child: • Is suffering from any sickness or allergy; • Has had a severe reaction to a previous immunisation such as persistent screaming or persistent vomiting, or collapse, or convulsions, or fever exceeding 29.5°C; • Has ever had fits, or if other members of the family have had an illness of the nervous system or convulsions; • Has had a blood transfusion or an injection of gamma globulin in the last three months; • Is under treatment with a cortisone-like drug. (F) For some children the Hepatitis B vaccine may also be recommended. Please consult your doctor for advice. (G) • Your doctor, or • Your local council, or • Community Health Centres in some Health Regions | The text about immunisation gives the answers to questions commonly asked by parents. There are 7 sections A-G. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list below. NB: There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the headings more than once.
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1. Section A
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Explain:
Section A describes how immunisation is done, the process. |
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2. Section B
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Explain:
Section B describes some possible side effects or reactions to vaccines. |
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3. Section C
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Explain:
Section C tells you that an interruption to the normal schedule will not reduce the effectiveness of the vaccination. |
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4. Section D
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Explain:
Section D tells you that ‘immunisation will be equally effective if commenced in older children.' |
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5. Section E
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Explain:
Section E tells you what information the doctor needs before giving immunisation-in other words, the precautions necessary. |
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6. Section G
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Explain:
Section G tells you where to go for immunisation. |
Choose the appropriate answer.
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1. The vaccine for which illness comes in the form of a syrup?
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Explain:
This answer is found in the first sentence. The rest of this paragraph tells you that tetanus, diphtheria and measles vaccines are all given by injection. |
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2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible side effect of the DTP vaccine?
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Explain:
This instruction requires you to choose a possible side effect of the DTP vaccine (the triple antigen vaccine) NOT given in the passage. That means three of the four answers, redness, nausea and fever, ARE given in section B, which deals with reactions to vaccines. |
Passage 2
KENICHI SOFTWARE: SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR STAFF General It is in everyone’s interest to maintain a high level of security in the workplace. You should immediately challenge any person who appears to be on the premises without proper authorisation, or inform a senior member of staff about any odd or unusual activity. Company Property You are advised that it is within the company’s legal rights to detain any person on the grounds that they may be involved in the unauthorised removal of company property. The company reserves the right to search staff members leaving or entering the premises and to inspect any article or motor vehicle on company property. It is a condition of employment that you submit to such action if requested. It is in your own interest to ensure that you have proper authority before removing any item of company property from a company building. Any member found removing company property from the building without proper authority will be subject to disciplinary action. Identity Badges You will be issued with an identity badge, which should be worn at all times when you are on company premises. The purpose of these badges is to safeguard our security. Badges are issued by Human Resources, and contractors and people visiting the company on a one-off basis are also obliged to wear them. Confidential Matters In the course of your work you may have access to information relating to the company’s business, or that of a supplier or customer. Such material, even where it appears comparatively trivial, can have a serious effect on the company, supplier or customer if it falls into the wrong hands. It is, therefore, essential that you should at all times be aware of the serious view the company would take of disclosure of such material to outsiders. You must treat as confidential all information, data, specifications, drawings and all documents relating to the company’s business and/or its trading activities, and not divulge, use, or employ them except in the company’s service. Before you leave the company, you must hand over to your manager all private notes relevant to the company’s business, activities, prices, accounts, costs etc. Legal proceedings may be initiated for any misuse or unauthorised disclosure of such confidential information, whether during employment or afterwards. Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.
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disciplinary action
contractors
outsiders
notes/ private notes
search/ to search
senior
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IS EVERYONE ENTITLED TO PAID HOLIDAYS? The Working Time Regulations (WTRs) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays, and since 1 August 2004 the regulations have also applied to junior doctors. Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this. However, workers and employers can agree longer holidays. For the first year of work, special accrual rules apply. For each month of employment, workers are entitled to one twelfth of the annual holiday. After the first year of employment, you can take your holiday entitlement at any time, with your employer's approval. Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days' notice. If your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday - for example, five days' notice not to take a five-day holiday. If the employer wants you to take holiday at a given time, e.g. when there is a shutdown at the same time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time. Holiday cannot be carried over to the next year, unless your contract of employment allows this to happen. Nor can you be paid in lieu of your holiday. However, when you leave the job, you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday, provided your contract specifically allows for this. It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this. Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.
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4 weeks/ 4 weeks a year
shutdown/ a shutdown/ the shutdown/ annual shutdown/ the annual shutdown
one twelfth /one twelfth of annual holidays/ one twelfth of annual holiday
payment/ a holiday payment/ a payment/ holiday payment/ outstanding holiday payment
counter-notice/ equal counter-notice
collective agreement/ a collective agreement
2003/ in 2003
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Passage 3
THE IRON BRIDGE The Iron Bridge was the first of its kind in Europe and is universally recognised as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution. (A) The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, in the west of England. It was the first cast-iron bridge to be successfully erected, and the first large cast-iron structure of the industrial age in Europe, although the Chinese were expert iron-casters many centuries earlier. (B) Rivers used to be the equivalent of today’s motorways, in that they were extensively used for transportation. The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventually enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain. It was ideal for transportation purposes, and special boats were built to navigate the waters. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Severn was one of the busiest rivers in Europe. Local goods, including coal, iron products, wool, grain and cider, were sent by river. Among the goods coming upstream were luxuries such as sugar, tea, coffee and wine. In places, the riverbanks were lined with wharves and the river was often crowded with boats loading or unloading. (C) In 1638, Basil Brooke patented a steel-making process and built a furnace at Coalbrookdale. This later became the property of Abraham Darby (referred to as Abraham Darby I to distinguish him from his son and grandson of the same name). After serving an apprenticeship in Birmingham, Darby had started a business in Bristol, but he moved to Coalbrookdale in 1710 with an idea that coke derived from coal could provide a more economical alternative to charcoal as a fuel for ironmaking. This led to cheaper, more efficient ironmaking from the abundant supplies of coal, iron and limestone in the area. (D) His son, Abraham Darby II, pioneered the manufacture of cast iron, and had the idea of building a bridge over the Severn, as ferrying stores of all kinds across the river, particularly the large quantities of fuel for the furnaces at Coalbrookdale and other surrounding ironworks, involved considerable expense and delay. However, it was his son Abraham Darby III (born in 1750) who, in 1775, organised a meeting to plan the building of a bridge. This was designed by a local architect, Thomas Pritchard, who had the idea of constructing it of iron. (E) Sections were cast during the winter of 1778-9 for a 7-metre-wide bridge with a span of 31 metres, 12 metres above the river. Construction took three months during the summer of 1779, and remarkably, nobody was injured during the construction process - a feat almost unheard of even in modern major civil engineering projects. Work on the approach roads continued for another two years, and the bridge was opened to traffic in 1781. Abraham Darby III funded the bridge by commissioning paintings and engravings, but he lost a lot on the project, which had cost nearly double the estimate, and he died leaving massive debts in 1789, aged only 39. The district did not flourish for much longer, and during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries factories closed down. Since 1934 the bridge has been open only to pedestrians. Universally recognised as the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, the Iron Bridge now stands at the heart of the Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site. (F) It has always been a mystery how the bridge was built. Despite its pioneering technology, no eye-witness accounts are known which describe the iron bridge being erected - and certainly no plans have survived. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built, challenging the assumptions of recent decades. In 1997 a small watercolour sketch by Elias Martin came to light in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. Although there is a wealth of early views of the bridge by numerous artists, this is the only one which actually shows it under construction. (G) Up until recently it had been assumed that the bridge had been built from both banks, with the inner supports tilted across the river. This would have allowed river traffic to continue unimpeded during construction. But the picture clearly shows sections of the bridge being raised from a barge in the river. It contradicted everything historians had assumed about the bridge, and it was even considered that the picture could have been a fake as no other had come to light. So in 2001 a half-scale model of the bridge was built, in order to see if it could have been constructed in the way depicted in the watercolour. Meanwhile, a detailed archaeological, historical and photographic survey was done by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, along with a 3D CAD (computer-aided design) model by English Heritage. (H) The results tell us a lot more about how the bridge was built. We now know that all the large castings were made individually as they are all slightly different. The bridge wasn’t welded or bolted together as metal bridges are these days. Instead it was fitted together using a complex system of joints normally used for wood - but this was the traditional way in which iron structures were joined at the time. The construction of the model proved that the painting shows a very realistic method of constructing the bridge that could work and was in all probability the method used. (I) Now only one mystery remains in the Iron Bridge story. The Swedish watercolour sketch had apparently been torn from a book which would have contained similar sketches. It had been drawn by a Swedish artist who lived in London for 12 years and travelled Britain drawing what he saw. Nobody knows what has happened to the rest of the book, but perhaps the other sketches still exist somewhere. If they are ever found they could provide further valuable evidence of how the Iron Bridge was constructed.
Answer the questions below.Choose ONE NUMBER ONLY from the text for each answer.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
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1. There is no written evidence of how the original bridge was constructed.
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Explain:
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2. The painting by Elias Martin is the only one of the bridge when it was new.
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Explain:
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3. The painting shows that the bridge was constructed from the two banks.
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Explain:
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4. The original bridge and the model took equally long to construct.
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Explain:
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5. Elias Martin is thought to have made other paintings of the bridge.
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Explain:
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The text has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph of the text contains the following information?
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1. why a bridge was required across the River Severn
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Explain:
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2. a method used to raise money for the bridge
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Explain:
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3. why Coalbrookdale became attractive to iron makers
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Explain:
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4. how the sections of the bridge were connected to each other
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Explain:
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| No. | Date | Right Score | Total Score |
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PARTNERS |
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NEWS |
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