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SECTION TEST - GENERAL TRAINING READING
(Time: 60 minutes)
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Passage 1
The following table gives information about immunisation. IMMUNISATION CALENDAR | AGE | DISEASE | VACCINE | 2 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 4 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 6 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | 12 months | Measles, Mumps, Rubella | MMR | | Hib (PRP-OMP schedule only) | Hib vaccine (PRP-OMP) | 18 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, | DTPa or DTPw | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | Prior to school—4-5 years (+) | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPa or DTPw | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | (+) Attendance for these booster injections is essential. * DTP is the abbreviation for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, commonly referred to by the trade name “Triple Antigen” ** Abbreviations for haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) vaccines: HbOC is “HibTITER”; PRP-OMP is “PedvaxHIB”. HbOC (‘HibTITER’) is given at two, four, six and 18 months. PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB) is given at two, four and 12 months.
Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the table, answer the following questions.
Answer the questions by choosing the correct answer.
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1. Which of the following would be an appropriate schedule for Type b influenza?
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Explain:
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2. The symbol (+) indicates ................
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Explain:
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Questions and Answers about Immunisation (A) For polio, Sabin oral vaccine is given by mouth-a few drops of pleasantly flavoured syrup on a spoon. For diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough a combined vaccine (triple antigen) is given by injection-a quick prick from the needle, over in a few seconds. Measles and rubella vaccine are also given by injection. (B) There are sometimes mild side effects to the triple antigen vaccine. These may include some local redness, tenderness and swelling at the site of the injection during the 48-hour period which follows it. There may also be slight nausea, fretfulness and feverishness. Major reactions are extremely rare. Possible reactions to measles immunisation include fever, rash and a stuffy nose about 5-12 days after the injection. These symptoms last about 2-3 days, do not cause much discomfort and normally do not require treatment. The child is not infective to others. (C) A full course of immunisation will still give protection when completed, even if it does not strictly follow the Health Commission's recommended schedule. (D) Although two months is the recommended starting age, immunisation will be equally effective if commenced in older children. The early start is advised because whooping cough is most serious in young babies. Immunisation can still ensure protection for children over eight years and adults, provided the vaccine appropriate to their age is used. | (E) If a child has diarrhoea, Sabin oral vaccine should not be given. If a child vomits within two hours of taking Sabin oral vaccine, the dose should be repeated. Before you have your child immunised, please tell the doctor if your child: • Is suffering from any sickness or allergy; • Has had a severe reaction to a previous immunisation such as persistent screaming or persistent vomiting, or collapse, or convulsions, or fever exceeding 29.5°C; • Has ever had fits, or if other members of the family have had an illness of the nervous system or convulsions; • Has had a blood transfusion or an injection of gamma globulin in the last three months; • Is under treatment with a cortisone-like drug. (F) For some children the Hepatitis B vaccine may also be recommended. Please consult your doctor for advice. (G) • Your doctor, or • Your local council, or • Community Health Centres in some Health Regions | Choose the appropriate answer.
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1. The vaccine for which illness comes in the form of a syrup?
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Explain:
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2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible side effect of the DTP vaccine?
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Explain:
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The text about immunisation gives the answers to questions commonly asked by parents. There are 7 sections A-G. Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list below. NB: There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the headings more than once.
Passage 2
The following table gives information about immunisation. IMMUNISATION CALENDAR | AGE | DISEASE | VACCINE | 2 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 4 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib | Hib vaccine (HbOC or PRP-OMP)** | 6 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPw* | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | 12 months | Measles, Mumps, Rubella | MMR | | Hib (PRP-OMP schedule only) | Hib vaccine (PRP-OMP) | 18 months | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, | DTPa or DTPw | | Hib (HbOC schedule only) | Hib vaccine (HbOC) | Prior to school—4-5 years (+) | Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis | DTPa or DTPw | | Poliomyelitis | OPV-Sabin vaccine | (+) Attendance for these booster injections is essential. * DTP is the abbreviation for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, commonly referred to by the trade name “Triple Antigen” ** Abbreviations for haemophilus influenzae Type b (Hib) vaccines: HbOC is “HibTITER”; PRP-OMP is “PedvaxHIB”. HbOC (‘HibTITER’) is given at two, four, six and 18 months. PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB) is given at two, four and 12 months.
Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage ‘Snapshot of Views'. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
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the environment
youth suicide
young people
confident
the republic
lots of friends / a lot of friends
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Crazy About Computer Games Computer Games and Australians Today is a research report by Kevin Durkin and Kate Aisbett, commissioned by Australia's State and Territory Attorney-Generals. The following is a snippet of findings and research data indicating young people's attitudes to computers and the games they're playing. | Research findings: • Game playing can be a sociable activity... games can be the focus of shared father- child activities and valued as such by young people • The predominant reactions associated with aggressive content were that it was amusing and not to be taken seriously. • Players report that they use computer games as a way of venting pent up tensions. Frustration arising from games was short-lived. • Aggressive content in computer games is perceived differently, because they offer a degree of autonomy and control which makes them less scary than other media. • Parents may not be monitoring computer game play as much as other media use. | Children’s comments: • 'I've played the Mortal Kombat game-you know it's violent but it's sort of funny ... the way they chop their heads off. You just laugh because it's so funny 'cos you know it's not real.' • ‘I don't get addicted. Perhaps I play it a lot for a day and then not for a week.' • 'It's fun as it's fun to watch spinal cords being ripped out. It's funny.' • 'A movie can put ideas into your mind... not video or computer games, they're not realistic.' • 'Basically I'm just impressed with the graphics behind it and things like that. I don't really concentrate on someone getting their head ripped off—it's just impressive graphics.' | Classify the following as being Research Findings, Children's Comments, or Both Example: Young people enjoy playing computer games with their parents. Answer: Research Findings (1st point ‘father-child activities... valued...by young people)
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1. Computer games help to decrease stress.
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Explain:
see the 3rd point |
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2. Violence in computer games is not as frightening as in movies and television programs.
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Explain:
Research findings 4th point, Children's comments 4th point |
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3. Some children play computer games all day but not every day.
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Explain:
see the 2nd point |
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4. Movies, videos and computer games are unlikely to impact negatively on children because the violence is not realistic.
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Explain:
Research findings 2nd point, Children's comments 1st and 4th points |
Do the following statements reflect the findings of the researchers in the Reading Passage Crazy About Computer Games? YES - if the statement reflects the findings NO - if the statement contradicts the findings NOT GIVEN - if the information is not given in the passage
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1. Parents are monitoring what children watch on television and play on computers.
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Explain:
Research findings, 5th point |
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2. Young people prefer playing computer games with parents than watching movies.
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Explain:
they enjoy playing with parents but it is not known if they prefer this to movies |
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3. Most game players find the aggression in computer games humorous.
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Explain:
Research findings 2nd point-amusing, Children's comments 1st and 3rd points |
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4. Computer games are more enjoyable because the graphics are better than movies.
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Explain:
Children's comments 5th point-graphics impressive but no comparison to movies is made. Children's comments 4th point mentions movies and computer games but does not mention graphics specifically |
Passage 3
THE IRON BRIDGE The Iron Bridge was the first of its kind in Europe and is universally recognised as a symbol of the Industrial Revolution. (A) The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn in Coalbrookdale, in the west of England. It was the first cast-iron bridge to be successfully erected, and the first large cast-iron structure of the industrial age in Europe, although the Chinese were expert iron-casters many centuries earlier. (B) Rivers used to be the equivalent of today’s motorways, in that they were extensively used for transportation. The River Severn, which starts its life on the Welsh mountains and eventually enters the sea between Cardiff and Bristol, is the longest navigable river in Britain. It was ideal for transportation purposes, and special boats were built to navigate the waters. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the Severn was one of the busiest rivers in Europe. Local goods, including coal, iron products, wool, grain and cider, were sent by river. Among the goods coming upstream were luxuries such as sugar, tea, coffee and wine. In places, the riverbanks were lined with wharves and the river was often crowded with boats loading or unloading. (C) In 1638, Basil Brooke patented a steel-making process and built a furnace at Coalbrookdale. This later became the property of Abraham Darby (referred to as Abraham Darby I to distinguish him from his son and grandson of the same name). After serving an apprenticeship in Birmingham, Darby had started a business in Bristol, but he moved to Coalbrookdale in 1710 with an idea that coke derived from coal could provide a more economical alternative to charcoal as a fuel for ironmaking. This led to cheaper, more efficient ironmaking from the abundant supplies of coal, iron and limestone in the area. (D) His son, Abraham Darby II, pioneered the manufacture of cast iron, and had the idea of building a bridge over the Severn, as ferrying stores of all kinds across the river, particularly the large quantities of fuel for the furnaces at Coalbrookdale and other surrounding ironworks, involved considerable expense and delay. However, it was his son Abraham Darby III (born in 1750) who, in 1775, organised a meeting to plan the building of a bridge. This was designed by a local architect, Thomas Pritchard, who had the idea of constructing it of iron. (E) Sections were cast during the winter of 1778-9 for a 7-metre-wide bridge with a span of 31 metres, 12 metres above the river. Construction took three months during the summer of 1779, and remarkably, nobody was injured during the construction process - a feat almost unheard of even in modern major civil engineering projects. Work on the approach roads continued for another two years, and the bridge was opened to traffic in 1781. Abraham Darby III funded the bridge by commissioning paintings and engravings, but he lost a lot on the project, which had cost nearly double the estimate, and he died leaving massive debts in 1789, aged only 39. The district did not flourish for much longer, and during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries factories closed down. Since 1934 the bridge has been open only to pedestrians. Universally recognised as the symbol of the Industrial Revolution, the Iron Bridge now stands at the heart of the Ironbridge Gorge World Heritage Site. (F) It has always been a mystery how the bridge was built. Despite its pioneering technology, no eye-witness accounts are known which describe the iron bridge being erected - and certainly no plans have survived. However, recent discoveries, research and experiments have shed new light on exactly how it was built, challenging the assumptions of recent decades. In 1997 a small watercolour sketch by Elias Martin came to light in the Swedish capital, Stockholm. Although there is a wealth of early views of the bridge by numerous artists, this is the only one which actually shows it under construction. (G) Up until recently it had been assumed that the bridge had been built from both banks, with the inner supports tilted across the river. This would have allowed river traffic to continue unimpeded during construction. But the picture clearly shows sections of the bridge being raised from a barge in the river. It contradicted everything historians had assumed about the bridge, and it was even considered that the picture could have been a fake as no other had come to light. So in 2001 a half-scale model of the bridge was built, in order to see if it could have been constructed in the way depicted in the watercolour. Meanwhile, a detailed archaeological, historical and photographic survey was done by the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust, along with a 3D CAD (computer-aided design) model by English Heritage. (H) The results tell us a lot more about how the bridge was built. We now know that all the large castings were made individually as they are all slightly different. The bridge wasn’t welded or bolted together as metal bridges are these days. Instead it was fitted together using a complex system of joints normally used for wood - but this was the traditional way in which iron structures were joined at the time. The construction of the model proved that the painting shows a very realistic method of constructing the bridge that could work and was in all probability the method used. (I) Now only one mystery remains in the Iron Bridge story. The Swedish watercolour sketch had apparently been torn from a book which would have contained similar sketches. It had been drawn by a Swedish artist who lived in London for 12 years and travelled Britain drawing what he saw. Nobody knows what has happened to the rest of the book, but perhaps the other sketches still exist somewhere. If they are ever found they could provide further valuable evidence of how the Iron Bridge was constructed.
Answer the questions below.Choose ONE NUMBER ONLY from the text for each answer.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
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1. There is no written evidence of how the original bridge was constructed.
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Explain:
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2. The painting by Elias Martin is the only one of the bridge when it was new.
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Explain:
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3. The painting shows that the bridge was constructed from the two banks.
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Explain:
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4. The original bridge and the model took equally long to construct.
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Explain:
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5. Elias Martin is thought to have made other paintings of the bridge.
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Explain:
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The text has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph of the text contains the following information?
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1. why a bridge was required across the River Severn
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Explain:
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2. a method used to raise money for the bridge
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Explain:
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3. why Coalbrookdale became attractive to iron makers
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Explain:
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4. how the sections of the bridge were connected to each other
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Explain:
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| No. | Date | Right Score | Total Score |
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PARTNERS |
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NEWS |
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