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MODEL TEST - GENERAL TRAINING IELTS
(Time: 90 minutes)
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Section 1

Script:

Man: Global Bicycle Tours. May I help you?
Woman: Yes, thank you. I’d like to sign up for a bicycle tour.
Man: Which tour were you interested in? We have the River Valley tour coming up in June and the Mountain tour in July.
Woman: The River Valley tour is in June? I thought it was in May.
Man: It actually takes place the first week of June.
Woman: Oh, I see. Well, I can still do that. The River Valley tour is the one I want.
Man: Splendid. Just let me take your information. May I have your name please?
Woman: Karla Schmidt. That’s Karla with a K, not a C. K-A-R-L-A.
Man: Thank you, Ms. Schmidt. Address?
Woman: Do you need a street address, or can I give you my post office box?
Man: A post office box is fine.
Woman: It’s P. O. Box 257 (two-five-seven), Manchester.
Man: Thank you. OK, next. Will you be bringing your own bicycle, or do you want to rent one from us?
Woman: I’ll bring my own.
Man: Excellent. Now, we provide all the meals, so we need to know if you have any dietary restrictions.
Woman: I don’t think so. What do you mean?
Man: I mean if there’s any food you can’t eat. Some people have food allergies or are vegetarian or have to avoid dairy products, things like that.
Woman: Oh, I see. Well, yes, I’m a vegetarian. I never eat meat.

Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
 
Example:
Tour name:
Customer name:
Address:
 
Bicycle rental required?
Dietary restrictions:
Global Bicycle Tours
River valley tour Tour month: (1).........
(2)......... Sthmidt
P.O.Box  (3).........
Manchester
_____  Yes  _X  No
(4).........
1.
Karla vegetarian June 257


(1)  
(2)  
(3)  
(4)  



Script:

Man: All right. I’ll make a note of that. Now, the total cost of the tour is $750.
Woman: That much!
Man: The price includes everything—food, hotel, transportation, everything.
Woman: Everything?
Man: Yes, everything. The only other thing is you’ll want to tip the tour guide. We usually recommend five percent of the total tour cost.
Woman: A five-percent tip. I guess that’s reasonable.
Man: In order to reserve your space on the tour I’ll need a 30 percent deposit.
Woman: Do you need that right away?
Man: We generally ask for the deposit at least four weeks before the tour begins. The River Valley tour begins, let me see, six weeks from now. So you’ll need to pay the deposit in two weeks.
Woman: I think I can do that. I wonder if you could tell me something. How will our luggage be transported? Do we carry it on our bicycles?
Man: No, you leave that to us. We have a van that carries your luggage from hotel to hotel each day, so you don’t have to worry about it.
Woman: Great! I have a luggage rack for my bike, but I guess I won’t have to bring that.
Man: No, you won’t. But there are a few items we recommend that you bring. We can’t control the weather, so you should bring a raincoat or raingear.
Woman: Yes, that’s a good idea. And I should have my own spare tire, too, shouldn’t I?
Man: Actually, you don’t need that, as our guide always carries some. And, of course, you won’t need maps either, since our guide has the route all planned.
Woman: What about a water bottle? I’ll need that, won’t I?
Man: Yes, you should definitely have a water bottle. A camera would be a good idea, too, since that tour goes through some very scenic areas.
Woman: I have a guide book of that area. I wonder if I should bring it along.
Man: We don’t recommend guide books. It would just be extra weight, and the tour guide knows a great deal about the area.
Woman: Yes, I see. Is there anything else I need to know?
Man: I think we’ve covered the important points. I’ll send you a tour brochure, and you can call again if you have any questions.
Woman: Thank you very much.

Choose the correct answer. 
1. What size deposit does the caller have to pay?
A. 30 percent
B. 5 percent
C. 50 percent
Explain:
2. When does the deposit have to be paid?
A. Four weeks from now
B. Six weeks from now
C. Two weeks from now
Explain:
3. How will the luggage be carried?
A. By van
B. By bicycle
C. By bus
Explain:
4. Which THREE things should the caller take on the tour?
A. camera
B. guide book
C. spare tire
D. raincoat
E. maps
F. water bottle
Explain:
Section 2

Script:

 You will hear a trainer giving a talk to people who want to learn outdoor survival skills.

 

Good morning everyone, and welcome to our outdoor survival programme. As you know, this week you’ll be learning some of the basic information and skills you need to look after yourself independently in the outdoors. These first two days we’ll be based here in the classroom, and then we’ll be taking a camping trip to put into practice some of the things you’ve learned.
I’m going to start off with the topic of food. And to start with I’ll describe just two methods which we’ll be putting into practice at our camp, and which make use of natural resources: the steam pit and the bamboo pot. I’ve got two posters here to make things clearer ... And I’ll start with the steam pit here ...
To make this you’ll need some dry sticks, some grass, some loose earth and some stones. And for this week only, some matches!
The first thing you do is to dig a shallow pit in the place you’ve chosen to do your cooking. Let’s say about twenty five centimetres deep, and thirty centimetres wide. Your sticks have to be a bit wider than the pit, because you have to put a line of them along the top from one end of the pit to the other. Before setting light to these you take some large stones and arrange them on top. Then you start the fire and wait till the wooden platform burns through and the stones fall into the pit. At this point, brush away any pieces of hot ash from the stones - you can use a handful of grass - and then take another stick and push it down into the centre of the pit, between the stones. After that you cover the whole pit with a thick layer of grass. And then you can put your food on it. wrapped in more pieces of grass, like parcels. Finally, cover the whole thing with earth. You have to pat it firmly to seal the pit.
Then all you have to do is take the stick out and pour a bit of water into the opening that it leaves. It should take about four hours for your food to cook, as it cooks slowly in the steam that’s created inside the pit.

 Complete the flow chart using the words in the box below.

 

air
ash
earth
grass
stick
stones
water
 

 

1.
water grass earth ash sticks stones


(1)  
(2)  
(3)  
(4)  
(5)  
(6)  



Script:

 So ... simple but effective. The other method you’re going to practise this week is the bamboo oven. Now the steam pit is ideal in certain conditions because the heat is below ground level, for example, if there’s a strong wind and you’re afraid a fire might spread. But when it’s safe to have an open fire you can use the bamboo oven method. You get a length of bamboo, which as you probably know is hollow, and consists of a number of individual sections with a wall in-between. You use a sharp stick to make a hole in each of the dividing walls apart from the end one. Then you lean the bamboo over a fire, with the top propped up by a forked stick and the bottom sitting on the ground. You pour enough water in the top to fill the bottom section, and then light a fire underneath that section to heat the water. Then you put your food inside the top section, and the steam coming up the bamboo through the holes you made cooks it.

I’m going to move on now, to food itself, and talk about some of the wild plants you might cook. I’m going to begin with fungi - that’s mushrooms and toadstools. I’m sure you’ll be aware that some of these are edible, and they’re delicious, but some of them are highly poisonous. Now whether they’re poisonous or not, all fungi that you find in the wild should be cooked before eating, because that helps to destroy any compounds in them that might be mildly toxic. But be aware that any amount of cooking won’t make poisonous varieties any safer to eat. Unless you can definitely identify a fungus you should never eat it. It’s not worth the risk. And you need to be really sure, because some fungi that are poisonous are very similar in appearance to certain edible varieties. They can easily be mistaken for each other. So ... having said all that, fungi are delicious when they’re freshly picked, and although they are only moderately nutritious, they do contain minerals which the body needs.

I’ll move on now to leafy plants, which are generally ...

 Choose TWO answer choices. 
 
1. Which TWO characteristics apply to the bamboo oven?
A. The bamboo is cut into equal lengths.
B. The fire is lit below the bottom end of the bamboo.
C. It's suitable for windy weather.
D. It cooks food by steaming it.
E. The oven hangs from a stick.
Explain:
2. Which TWO pieces of advice does the speaker give about eating wild fungi?
A. Cooking doesn't make poisonous fungi edible.
B. Edible wild fungi can be eaten without cooking.
C. Wild fungi are highly nutritious.
D. Some edible fungi look very similar to poisonous varieties.
E. Fungi which cannot be identified should only be eaten in small quantities.
Explain:
Section 3

Script:

Dr Wilson: Hello David, Jane.
Jane: Hello.
David: Hi.
Dr Wilson: So, how's the local history project going? Are you making good progress?
Jane: Yes and no.
Dr Wilson: Oh?
David: Well, we anticipated problems of various kinds. None of the group has much experience of collaborating on projects. But we spent some time discussing how to go about it, and thrashed out what seemed a useful approach, but it seems that Jane and I are the only ones actually following the plan. That's meant that the whole project has been lacking co-ordination and so we've fallen behind our schedule.
Dr Wilson: I see ... that's tricky.
Jane: Yes, it is. We felt that the targets had been defined, so we'd all know what to deal with, but, looking back, we probably should have really specified individual responsibilities. As it is, we only have a loose sense of what should be done by who.
Dr Wilson: Well, this is quite a common problem, actually. I take it that you've had enough group meetings, so you're looking for an effective solution. If you go to the Resource Centre, think you'd find the advice service they provide there helpful at this point.
Jane: Thanks - we'll go there later.
David: On a specific note, I think we've got carried away with recruiting people to interview at the expense of building up the reference section, which I don't think is going to be solid enough. Do you think that'll be a major problem?
Dr Wilson: Hmm, I'd have to see how much is there to be sure, but, well, you'll have to be pragmatic at this point, I think. What you'd better do is ensure your methodology is really strong, so at least you can't be faulted on that front. Then, if people challenge your results, at least you've carefully reported how you reached them. Do you see what I mean?
David/Jane: Yes.
Dr Wilson: So...
Jane: Yes, I think one resource in relation to that that we haven't exploited as fully as we might is the internet. I've taken a lot of journals off the library shelves to go through, but, actually, there are websites where you can call up lists of approaches or data sets really quickly.
Dr Wilson: I think that's a good idea, yes.

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
1.
websites reference section individual responsibilities following the plan methodology advice service


David feels that progress on the project has been slow because other members of the group are not  .

Jane thinks that   were not clearly established.

Dr. Wilson suggests that the group use the   available from the Resource Centre.

David doubts that the research will include an adequate  .

According to Dr. Wilson, the   is now the most important thing to focus on.

Jane believes the group could make more use of some  .



Script:

Dr Wilson: Now, let's think about the field trip, and at least make sure that goes as well as possible. You're going to Cambridge on the twenty-second?
Jane: The Monday, yes.
David: It's quite soon, now.
Dr Wilson: And in the morning, you'll be travelling and then getting settled into the hotel.
Jane: Uh-huh.
Dr Wilson: But you need to get down to work after lunch, of course. Now, I've arranged for you to have a look at some useful visual material, especially photographs and old magazines and newspapers, which is included in an exhibition at the library in the university.
David: That sounds like a good starting point.
Dr Wilson: There's quite a lot on show, so that'll occupy most of the afternoon. Then the following morning, I want you to go and talk to someone in the City Library. His name's Jarvis Gregson. He works in the Education Section there, and he's an expert on the area's history. Don't, of course, forget to take a tape recorder with you so that you can record what he tells you.
Jane: And to have our questions ready.
Dr Wilson: Indeed. OK, and the afternoon's free for you to wander around, get the feel of the place.
David: Do some sightseeing...
Dr Wilson: As you wish - it's a beautiful city ... But it's back to work on Wednesday morning. Concentrate on the central area, and walk around methodically. You'll have the plans I'm getting ready for you from different periods, and your task is to compare those with the make-up of the city today. Make notes on how different kinds of shops and businesses have grown up, what's gone, and so on.
Jane: I hope the weather's good!
Dr Wilson: Yes. And in the afternoon I want you to think about producing your own records, along the lines of the ones in the City Library's archives. The history of the castle is very important to the city's development, so use a camera to get some pictures that reflect that if you can, showing it in relation to the buildings and spaces around it.
David: We'll try! And when do we travel back?
Dr Wilson: That's up to you. You can either...

Complete the timetable below.  
 
MON - WED: FIELD TRIP TO GAM&KIPGE
Mon 22nd
am     
pm
arrive at hotel
(1)…………     
Tues 23rd
am
pm
(2)…………
free time       
Wed 24th
am
pm
(3)…………
(4)…………     
1. (1)
A. Visit an exhibition at the University Library.
B. Study records of shop ownership.
C. Talk to the archivist at the City Library.
D. Compare photographs at newspaper offices.
E. Take photographs of the castle area.
F. Listen to tapes in die City Library.
G. Tour city centre using copies of old maps.
H. Interview a local historian.
Explain:
2. (2)
A. Study records of shop ownership.
B. Interview a local historian.
C. Compare photographs at newspaper offices.
D. Tour city centre using copies of old maps.
E. Listen to tapes in die City Library.
F. Take photographs of the castle area.
G. Visit an exhibition at the University Library.
H. Talk to the archivist at the City Library.
Explain:
3. (3)
A. Tour city centre using copies of old maps.
B. Compare photographs at newspaper offices.
C. Listen to tapes in die City Library.
D. Talk to the archivist at the City Library.
E. Interview a local historian.
F. Visit an exhibition at the University Library.
G. Study records of shop ownership.
H. Take photographs of the castle area.
Explain:
4. (4)
A. Interview a local historian.
B. Talk to the archivist at the City Library.
C. Visit an exhibition at the University Library.
D. Study records of shop ownership.
E. Compare photographs at newspaper offices.
F. Take photographs of the castle area.
G. Tour city centre using copies of old maps.
H. Listen to tapes in die City Library.
Explain:
Section 4

Script:

You will hear part of a lecture on the current and future use of mobile phones.

Lecturer: OK, now today we’re looking at changes in communication, and specifically changes that have just happened or are likely to happen in the next few years. Key to this is the mobile phone, which is increasingly being seen as an all-purpose system rather than just a phone. If you only use your phone for texting and making calls now, you will be amazed at how you will be using it in the future. The technology has been developed for a range of other uses. For example, phones could be used so that if you are meeting someone and they get lost you could send them a map of your location to help them. This will save all those complicated explanations over the phone and our poor friends or colleagues trying to drive and find out where they are at the same time. And, if you get bored waiting, or if you are travelling for example, you will soon be able to see TV news on your phone as it is actually being broadcast. This means that you won’t have to miss any of your favourites if you are away for a few days. Most people have got used to texting now, and young people send pictures to each other but, what is exciting, is the possibility of putting music with them before you send them. And it’s not all frivolous. Phones are going to become even more critical in business and education. Some recent developments have a highly practical usage so, for example, as lecturers we will be able to send everybody a text to let them know if lectures have been cancelled. And the new phones could have a further use in education, as well as business, as they will enable us to go to any destination - such as when we are doing a field trip for instance - and from there to send data directly to a computer so that we can access it when we get home. This means we will no longer be limited by what the phone can store.

 

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

 

1.
music TV news / television news a map cancelled data


Mobile phones now have the technology to:
- send   of where the sender is.
- watch   in real time.
- send   with texts.
- inform students about lectures which are  .
- transfer   to a computer.



Script:

And it’s interesting to look at the different ways that men and women use phones now, as that does affect how the technology will develop. Some research has been done on how people use phones and some of the results are surprising. One of the increasing usages of mobile phones is to get all sorts of data such as phone numbers, the weather, train times, etcetera and, while there’s been an attempt to set up connections with things that women might be interested in accessing, it is overwhelmingly men who do this. But what about the traditional use of a phone - to speak to people! I suppose we would predict that it is mainly women who use phones as a method of contact for friends and family but, in fact, the genders exploit this facility equally. I’ve spoken about the increased business usages that phones will offer and I suppose we would associate this usage with men. The survey picked up though that women are often working from home or catching up with work in the evenings so they use phones in this wav as much as men do. Most of us are aware we can store photos on our phones - it’s an ideal method of capturing a moment, wherever you are. Women tend to be the group that keep photos on their phones, but it seems that men use their phones to actually take pictures much more than women do. And, of course, all this knowledge affects the marketing that the companies will do ... (fade) ...

Which group of people are the main users of mobile phones for the following purposes?

1. to access information
A. women
B. men and women
C. men
Explain:
2. to stay in touch
A. men and women
B. women
C. men
Explain:
3. for business
A. men
B. men and women
C. women
Explain:
4. to store personal photos
A. men
B. men and women
C. women
Explain:
5. as a camera
A. men and women
B. women
C. men
Explain:
Passage 1

WALK FOR CHARITY
 
Dear Friend,
 
Please join us for our annual Walk for Charity. Starting in Weldown, you and your friends can choose a delightful 10, 20 or 30 kilometre route.        
 
The money raised will provide support to help people all over the world. Start collecting your sponsors now and then simply come along on the day. Please read the instructions below carefully, especially if you require transport to and from Weldown.
 
See you on Sunday 14 May.
 
V Jessop
 
Walk Co-ordinator
 
P.S. Well done to last year’s walkers for helping to raise a grand total of £21,000. The money has already been used to build a children's playground.
 
START TIMES:
30 km: 8-10 am
20 km: 8 - 10.30 am
10 km: 8-11.30 am
 
The organisers reserve the right to refuse late-comers.
 
CLOTHING should be suitable for the weather. If rain is forecast, bring some protection and be prepared for all eventualities. It is better to wear shoes that have been worn in, rather than ones that are new.
 
ROUTE MAPS will be available from the registration point. The route will be sign-posted and marshalled. Where the route runs along the road, walkers should keep to one side in single file, facing oncoming traffic at all times. If you need help along the route, please inform one of the marshals.
 
Free car parking available in car parks and on streets in Weldown.
 
BUSES
 
For the 10 and 20 km routes, a bus will be waiting at Fenton to take walkers back to Weldown. The bus will leave every half-hour starting at midday. The service is free and there is no need to book.
 

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

1.
marshals/ the marshals Fenton Weldown new shoes 10 kilometre / 10 kilometre walk/ 10 kilometer/ 10 kilometer walk every half hour 10.30/ 10.30 am


What is the starting point for the 30 km walk?  

What is the latest start time for the 20 km walk?  

Regarding footwear, what are you warned against wearing?  

What are the officials who help participants on the route called?  

Where does the 20 km walk finish?  

What is the frequency of the Fenton to Weldown bus?  

Which walk does not pass through Lower Brene?  



THE WEEK'S BEST

 
(A) Wild Rose
(Tuesday 19.00)
This TV drama is about a young private detective employed by a team of New York businessmen who send her to Brazil to look into a series of hotel robberies. When she gets there, she discovers that the hotels, which are owned by the businessmen, have been empty for the last two years and the local authorities have no record of any robberies.
 
(B) Animal Planet
(Wednesday 23.00)
This is a classic black-and-white film from the forties in which astronaut Charlie Huston crash- lands on a planet ruled entirely by animals. It is a first-class suspense adventure which also looks at the human condition, although this is not always a successful part of the film.
 
(C) Strange Encounter
(Saturday 21.00)
Suspense is skilfully built up in this clever, small- scale supernatural story. A young couple view a deserted old house that they are interested in buying. They meet a strange old lady who tells them of the mystical powers of the house and how previous owners have been able to travel back through the centuries to meet their ancestors.
 
(D) The Longest Walk
(Tuesday 21.30)
Flyona Campbell is nearly there. All she has to do now is walk the length of France and Britain
and she has succeeded in walking around the world. Tonight she drinks coffee in a tent and tells her story to Janet Street-Porter before she sets off for the Pyrenees mountains.
 
(E) Rubicon 5
(Thursday 20.30)
This is a TV film being used to launch a new science fiction series. It has impressive special effects and a strong, believable cast of characters who travel to the twenty-third century. The action takes place in underground cities where the environment is controlled by computers.
 
(F) New Science
(Friday 19.30)
This popular half-hour science magazine continues into its twenty-ninth year, proving itself to be a hardy survivor in the television world. Tonight it is presented by Carol Vorderman who introduces five reports, which include computer-driven cars and in-flight ten-pin bowling.
 
(G) There and Back Again
(Sunday 22.00)
Paul Theroux's account of his recent journey from London to Japan and back makes ideal material for this evening's travel slot. Based on his own novel, the progress of his journey on the railways of Europe and Asia (Victoria station, Paris, Istanbul...) acts as a fascinating travelogue as the inhabitants gradually shift from the West to the East.

For which programme are the following statements true? 

1. This programme is in the form of a personal interview.
A. Programme D
B. Programme A
C. Programme E
D. Programme G
E. Programme C
F. Programme F
G. Programme B
Explain:


2. This programme is a documentary about technological developments.
A. Programme B
B. Programme A
C. Programme D
D. Programme F
E. Programme C
F. Programme G
G. Programme E
Explain:


3. This programme is taken from a book.
A. Programme D
B. Programme F
C. Programme C
D. Programme A
E. Programme B
F. Programme E
G. Programme G
Explain:


4. This film is the introduction to a set of programmes.
A. Programme G
B. Programme F
C. Programme C
D. Programme E
E. Programme B
F. Programme D
G. Programme A
Explain:


5. This programme is about investigating a possible crime.
A. Programme D
B. Programme F
C. Programme B
D. Programme A
E. Programme G
F. Programme E
G. Programme C
Explain:


6. These TWO programmes are about time travel.
A. Programme G
B. Programme A
C. Programme F
D. Programme C
E. Programme E
F. Programme B
G. Programme D
Explain:


7. These TWO programmes are about present-day travellers.
A. Programme C
B. Programme E
C. Programme F
D. Programme G
E. Programme A
F. Programme B
G. Programme D
Explain:
Passage 2

 KENICHI SOFTWARE: SECURITY GUIDELINES FOR STAFF

 

General
It is in everyone’s interest to maintain a high level of security in the workplace. You should immediately challenge any person who appears to be on the premises without proper authorisation, or inform a senior member of staff about any odd or unusual activity.
 
Company Property
You are advised that it is within the company’s legal rights to detain any person on the grounds that they may be involved in the unauthorised removal of company property. The company reserves the right to search staff members leaving or entering the premises and to inspect any article or motor vehicle on company property. It is a condition of employment that you submit to such action if requested.
 
It is in your own interest to ensure that you have proper authority before removing any item of company property from a company building. Any member found removing company property from the building without proper authority will be subject to disciplinary action.
 
Identity Badges
You will be issued with an identity badge, which should be worn at all times when you are on company premises. The purpose of these badges is to safeguard our security. Badges are issued by Human Resources, and contractors and people visiting the company on a one-off basis are also obliged to wear them.
 
Confidential Matters
In the course of your work you may have access to information relating to the company’s business, or that of a supplier or customer. Such material, even where it appears comparatively trivial, can have a serious effect on the company, supplier or customer if it falls into the wrong hands. It is, therefore, essential that you should at all times be aware of the serious view the company would take of disclosure of such material to outsiders.
 
You must treat as confidential all information, data, specifications, drawings and all documents relating to the company’s business and/or its trading activities, and not divulge, use, or employ them except in the company’s service. Before you leave the company, you must hand over to your manager all private notes relevant to the company’s business, activities, prices, accounts, costs etc. Legal proceedings may be initiated for any misuse or unauthorised disclosure of such confidential information, whether during employment or afterwards.

Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

1.
disciplinary action contractors notes/ private notes search/ to search senior outsiders


If you see anything suspicious, you should report it to a   employee.

If the company wants to stop you and   you, you have to agree to it.

If you take things belonging to the company without permission, you will face  .

Staff,   and visitors must all wear a badge on company premises.

You must not pass on confidential information to  .

If you leave the company, you have to hand in any   you have made on matters concerning the company.


 IS EVERYONE ENTITLED TO PAID HOLIDAYS?

 

The Working Time Regulations (WTRs) introduced a new right to paid holidays for most workers. However, some workers were not covered when the WTRs came into force in October 1998. Since the regulations were amended, with effect from 1 August 2003, the majority of these workers have been entitled to paid holidays, and since 1 August 2004 the regulations have also applied to junior doctors.
 
Workers who qualify are entitled to no fewer than four weeks of paid holiday a year, and public holidays (normally eight days in England and Wales) count towards this. However, workers and employers can agree longer holidays.
 
For the first year of work, special accrual rules apply. For each month of employment, workers are entitled to one twelfth of the annual holiday. After the first year of employment, you can take your holiday entitlement at any time, with your employer's approval.
 
Before taking holidays, you must give your employer notice of at least twice the length of the holiday you want to take: for instance, to take a five-day holiday, you must give at least ten days' notice. If your employer does not want you to take that holiday, they can give you counter-notice equal to the holiday - for example, five days' notice not to take a five-day holiday.
 
If the employer wants you to take holiday at a given time, e.g. when there is a shutdown at the same time every year, they must give you notice of at least twice the length of the holiday. There is no right for the worker to take that holiday at a different time.
 
Holiday cannot be carried over to the next year, unless your contract of employment allows this to happen. Nor can you be paid in lieu of your holiday. However, when you leave the job, you are entitled to receive payment for any outstanding holiday, provided your contract specifically allows for this.
 
It may be that your contract gives you better rights, or your holiday rights might be specified in a collective agreement. Your union representative can advise you on this. 

Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

1.
4 weeks/ 4 weeks a year shutdown/ a shutdown/ the shutdown/ annual shutdown/ the annual shutdown one twelfth /one twelfth of annual holidays/ one twelfth of annual holiday collective agreement/ a collective agreement payment/ a holiday payment/ a payment/ holiday payment/ outstanding holiday payment counter-notice/ equal counter-notice 2003/ in 2003


In what year were the regulations extended to cover most of the workers who were originally excluded?  

What is the minimum annual paid holiday which workers are entitled to?  

During a worker′s first year of employment, what proportion of their annual holiday does a month′s work give?  

What can an employer give a worker to stop them taking holiday that they have requested?  

What is given as a possible reason for an employee having to take a holiday at a certain time?  

When an employee leaves their job, what should be given in place of any holiday they have not taken?  

Apart from a contract, what type of document may set out an employee′s holiday rights?  


Passage 3
 Green Energy

 

As energy prices rise and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions become more widespread, people everywhere are becoming increasingly concerned about using fossil fuels. More and more people are turning to so-called “green technologies” as a way to reduce dependence on non renewable fossil fuels. The ideal alternative energy source would be sustainable (the supply will not be exhausted), clean (no emissions), and reliable. The three most popular alternative energy sourcesare geothermal power, solar power, and wind power.
 
Since geothermal energy taps heat from the earth, its resources range from water found just below the surface of the earth, to hot water and hot rock found a fewmiles below the surface, to even deeper rock of extremely high temperatures. In aprocess similar to drilling for oil, wells as deep as a mile or more can be drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam and hot water that are used to run turbines andcreate energy. Power companies can then transmit this energy over power lines.
 
Geothermal power on a smaller scale can be used for heating and coolinghouses or commercial buildings. Geothermal heat pumps, also known asground-source heat pumps, rely on the fact that the earth beneath the surfaceremains at a relatively constant temperature throughout the year. Like a cave, theground is warmer than the air above it during the winter and cooler in the summer.
 
The geothermal heat pump transfers the heat stored in the earth into the building during the winter, and transfers it out of the building and into the ground during the summer. The ground, in other words, acts as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer. While geothermal heat pumps are an emissions-free and reliable source of energy, the biggest disadvantage is that such systems are expensive to install.
 
Solar energy has come a long way from the clunky boxes of the 1970s. Today, solar energy is commonly collected by sleek and efficient photovoltaic (PV)panels. The photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity and are made of semiconductors such as crystalline silicon or other thin-film materials. The benefitsof solar power vary according to how much exposure a given building has to thesun. However, one does not need to live in the desert to take advantage of solar power. Cloudy Germany is the worldwide leader in the use of solar power.
 
Solar power is not as pricey as geothermal power, but having a panel professionally installed can still be costly. Some enterprising home-owners reduce the initial costs by purchasing inexpensive kits and setting up the system on their own. The biggest disadvantage of a solar power system is its dependence on the amount of sunlight collected, but some cutting-edge panels can generate energy even in the rain.
 
Wind power is created when wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Most wind turbines convert the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical power. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator. Agenerator then converts this mechanical power into electricity. A group of wind turbines can produce electricity and feed it into the utility grid, where it is sent through transmission lines to homes and businesses. Like solar and geothermal energy, wind is a renewable resource that produces no emissions.
 
Small wind energy systems can be used by homes, farms, or communities. Such systems can be connected to the larger electrical grid or used for stand-alone energy generation—a particularly attractive option for anyone living far from power company lines. A grid-connected wind turbine can reduce one’s reliance onthe power company for electricity . If the turbine cannot deliver the needed energy, the power company then makes up the difference. However, in order to take advantage of wind energy, a turbine must be in an area with average wind speed of at least 10 miles an hour, and such systems can be very expensive.
 
Whether a given home or business uses wind, solar, or geothermal power depends on a variety of economic and environmental factors. However, expertsagree that investing in alternative energy now—whether by individuals or power companies—will pay dividends in the future.

 Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.


1.
alternative energy sustainable fossil fuels


These days, people are interested in reducing their consumption of . They are looking at sources of  to supply their power needs. People want sources that are  do not cause pollution, and can be consistently depended on.



Choose the correct answer.


1. Which THREE of the following facts about geothermal energy are mentioned in the passage?
A. is used for cooling as well as heating buildings
B. is easiest to use where there is a plentiful supply of ground water
C. is used to run power plants
D. requires electricity to power the heat pump
E. costs a good deal of money to set up
Explain:


2. Which THREE of the following facts about solar energy are mentioned in the passage?
A. does not have to be installed by a professional
B. the amount of power generated fluctuates with the amount of exposure to the sun
C. is often used by farmers to power electric fences
D. the panels are usually installed on the roof of the house
E. can be used even in areas without intense sunlight
Explain:


3. Which FOUR of the following facts about wind energy are mentioned in the passage?
A. can be used in conjunction with electricity supplied by a power company
B. is used by individual home-owners as well as by power companies
C. A wind turbines are considered unsightly by many people
D. the energy that it generates cannot be stored for later use
E. wind turbines create a lot of noise
F. must be installed in an area that receives a certain amount of wind
G. is as clean a source of energy as geothermal and solar systems
Explain:
Score: 0/10
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