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MODEL TEST - GENERAL TRAINING IELTS
(Time: 90 minutes)

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Section 1

Script:

You will hear a telephone conversation between a travel consultant and a customer.

RECEPTIONIST: Good afternoon, Dreamtime Travel. How can I help you?

CUSTOMER: Oh hello. I'm interested in the holidays you offer along the coast near here.

RECEPTIONIST: Yes. We operate several tours up the coast. Where in particular did you want to go?

CUSTOMER: Well, I like the sound of the holiday that mentioned whales. Was it “Whale Watching”?

RECEPTIONIST: Oh, that’s our Whale Watch Experience. It's very popular and it’s based in a lovely little town with nice beaches.

CUSTOMER: Oh right, and how long does it last?

RECEPTIONIST: It's two days - that includes four hours travel time each way from here.

CUSTOMER: Good, I don’t want to be away any longer than that. So is that by coach?

RECEPTIONIST: Actually it's by minibus. We like to keep those tours small and personal so we don't take a whole coachload of people. In fact, we only take up to fifteen people on this tour, although we do run it with just twelve or thirteen.

CUSTOMER: Oh, right. So do you run these tours often?

RECEPTIONIST: Well it depends on the time of year. Of course in peak times like the summer holidays we do them every weekend, but at the moment it’s usually once a month at most.

CUSTOMER: And when is the next one going?

RECEPTIONIST: Mmm, let me see. Um, there’s one in three weeks’ time which is April the 18^th, and then we don't have another one until June the 2nd.

CUSTOMER: All right, and is April a good time to go?

RECEPTIONIST: Pretty good. Though the really good time is later in the year. I have to say though that the whale sighting is only one of the many things offered.

CUSTOMER: Really?

RECEPTIONIST: Yes. The hotel itself where you stay has great facilities. It’s called The Pallisades.

CUSTOMER: The Paris what?

RECEPTIONIST: No, it's actually The Pallisades, P-A-L-L-l-S-A-D-E-S. It’s right on the main beach there

CUSTOMER: Oh, I see.

RECEPTIONIST: All of the rooms have nice views and the food is really good there too.

CUSTOMER: Oh right.

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

Dreamtime travel agency Tour information
Holiday name Holiday length Type of transportation Maximum group size Next tour date Hotel name	(1)......... experience 2 days (2)......... (3)......... April 18th The (4) ............

Whale Watch Pallisades by minibus/a minibus 15/15 people

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Script:

CUSTOMER: Well that sounds good. So how much is the basic tour price?

RECEPTIONIST: At this time of year, it's usually around $300 but let me check. Er...oh, it’s actually $280.

CUSTOMER: And the next tour, are there any places on that one?

RECEPTIONIST: How many people is it for?

CUSTOMER: There are two of us.

RECEPTIONIST: Yes, that should be line. Can I just mention that we require all bookings to be made at least fourteen days before you travel to avoid cancellations of tours. And if you cancel within seven days of departure you will have to pay 50% of your total booking.

CUSTOMER: OK.

RECEPTIONIST: And you also need to pay a 20% deposit at the time of booking.

CUSTOMER: Can I pay that by credit card?

RECEPTIONIST: Yes, you can.

CUSTOMER: All right, what I'll do is I'll talk to my partner and get back to you.

RECEPTIONIST: Fine. So I'll make a provisional booking, shall I? - two for the Whale Watch Experience. Let me issue you with a customer reference number for when you call back. Do you have a pen?

CUSTOMER: Yes.

RECEPTIONIST: OK, it’s three nine seven, four five, T. That’s T for tango. When you call back, ask to speak to the Tour Manager, that’s me, Tracy.

CUSTOMER: Fine. I will.

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

280 20% 14 39745T

The tour costs $ .

Bookings must be made no later than days in advance.

A deposit is required.

The customer′s reference number is .

Section 2

Script:

Female: Ladies and Gentlemen - welcome to Auckland Zoo on this sunny Sunday afternoon and to our special kiwi fund raising event. My job is to tell you all about the amazing little kiwi - and your job, hopefully, is to dig deep in your pockets.

Now for the benefit of our overseas visitors here today, I should explain first of all that the kiwi is the national bird of New Zealand - and sometimes New Zealanders themselves are known as 'Kiwis'. Now, while kiwis in the wild are a rare sight, the kiwi as a symbol is far more visible. Apart from being in toy stores and airport shops all over the world, you'll find them on our stamps and coins. The kiwi is the smallest member of the genus Apteryx which also includes ostriches and emu. It gets its name from its shrill call which sounds very much like this - kee- wee kee-wee. Kiwis live in forests or swamps and feed on insects, worms, snails and berries. It's a nocturnal bird with limited sight and therefore it has to rely on its very keen sense of smell to find food and to sense danger. Its nostrils are actually right on the end of its long beak which is one third of the body length. Now here's an interesting fact. Although kiwis have wings, they serve little purpose because the kiwi is a flightless bird.

Since white settlement of the islands, kiwi numbers have dropped from 12 million to less than 70,000 and our national bird is rapidly becoming an endangered species. This is because they're being threatened by what we call introduced animals which were brought to New Zealand such as cats and ferrets which eat kiwi eggs and their chicks.

Complete the notes below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

KIWI FACT SHEET

stamps coins sense of smell shrill call/ call introduced animals fly

Pictures of kiwis are found on and
The name ‘kiwi′ comes from its
The kiwi has poor sight but a good
Kiwis cannot
Kiwis are endangered by

Script:

And so we have launched the Kiwi Recovery Programme; in an all-out effort to save our national bird from extinction. There are three stages to this Programme: Firstly, we have the scientific research stage - this involves research to find out more about what kiwis need to survive in the wild. Then secondly we have the action stage. This is where we go into the field and actually put our knowledge to work - we call this putting science into practice, and then we come to the third stage - the global education stage. By working with schools and groups like yourself, as well as through our award winning kiwi website we are hoping to educate people about the plight of the kiwi.

As part of the action stage, which I just mentioned, we have introduced 'Operation Nest Egg' and this is where your money will be going. It works like this: It's a three- stage process. First of all, we go out to the kiwi's natural habitat and we collect kiwi eggs. This is the tricky part because it can be very difficult to find the eggs. Then, in safe surroundings, away from predators ... the chicks are reared. Now this can be done on predator-free islands or in captivity - they're reared until they are about nine months old at which stage the chicks are returned to the wild. So far it's proving successful and since we started the programme some 34 chicks have been successfully raised this year and their chances of survival have increased from 5 to 85%. However, it's not time to celebrate kiwi survival just yet. About 95% of kiwi chicks still don't make it to six months of age without protection. Which is why Operation Nest Egg is so important and we ask you to give generously today.

Complete the notes below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Kiwi Recovery Program

Stage of program	Program involves
(1)…………	Looking at kiwi survival needs
Action	Putting science into practice
(2)…………	Schools and the website

scientific research/ research global education

(1)
(2)

Script:

Complete the flow chart below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer.

85 5 eggs are collected/ eggs collected chicks are reared/ chicks reared

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Section 3

Section 4

Script:

Hi everyone - today I'm going to be talking about the origins of ceramics. So, first of all, let's start off with - what is a ceramic? Well, generally speaking, ceramics are what you get when you apply heat to certain inorganic, non-metallic solids and then allow them to cool. And examples of ceramics are everyday things like earthenware pots, crockery, glassware and even concrete.

So how did it all begin? Well it all started around 29.000 years ago when humans discovered that if you dig up some soft clay from the ground, mould it into a shape and then heat it up to a very high temperature, when it cools the clay has been transformed into something hard and rigid. And so - what did those first humans do with their discovery? Well - they created figurines which were small statues and which depicted animals or gods or any shape that the clay could be moulded into. And all this activity was centred around southern Europe where there is also evidence of ceramics that were created much later.

The early humans also found a practical use for their discovery, such as storing things like grain - although there were drawbacks. The pots were porous so that, although they could carry water in them, it wasn't possible to store it over a long period. And also, they were quite brittle and shattered very easily if they were dropped.

But despite these problems, it was many thousands of years before there were any improvements. In China at around 200 BC, they discovered that by adding minerals to the clay they could improve both the appearance and the strength of the ceramics. But it took nearly a thousand years before they perfected the process to produce high-quality ceramics known as porcelain. And once they had perfected the process, they kept it a secret - for another thousand years! Compared to the first ceramics, porcelain was lighter, finer, harder and whiter and became an important commodity in China's trading with the rest of the world for hundreds of years. In fact, it became so valuable that it was known as white gold and spies were sent to China to discover what they did to the clay to produce such high-quality merchandise.

It wasn't until the eighteenth century that the secret began to unravel. A German alchemist called Johann Friedrich Bottger was asked by the king to make gold out of lead. Unfortunately, Bottger failed to achieve this and soon gave up, but in order to please the king he attempted to make high-quality porcelain. And after many years of experimentation, he discovered that by adding quartz and a material called china stone to very high-quality clay he managed to get the same results that the Chinese had been achieving for the last 1,000 years.

We'll now look at another ceramic which is made from mixing sand with minerals and heating to over 600 degrees Celsius. When this mixture cools the result is of course glass. The main difference between ceramics made from clay and glass is that clay is made up of crystalline plates which become locked together in the cooling process whereas glass cools too quickly for crystals to form. Apart from that, the process of heating up naturally occurring materials to transform them is the same.

The origins of glass date back to 3500 BC but it wasn't until the Roman Empire, 2,000 years ago, that the art of glass-blowing and the practical uses of glass became more widespread. One of the more innovative uses was to use it in windows as, up until then, they had just been holes in walls. It must have been very draughty in those days!

The Romans were also responsible for inventing concrete.

And although the origins are uncertain, experts think that this is largely due to the high level of volcanic activity in the area. The Romans observed that, when volcanic ash mixes

with water and then cools, it gets extremely hard and almost impossible to break up. The chemical reaction that follows is very complex and continues for many years, and the concrete just keeps getting harder. Evidence of this is the numerous Roman remains that are still standing, many of which are almost completely intact.

One of the most important facts about concrete for the Romans was that it can be created underwater. As the Roman Empire grew, the Romans needed to take control of the seas and for this they needed to build harbours capable of holding a fleet of ships. Pouring concrete mixture into the sea immediately started the hardening process and rather than just dissolving in the mass of water, the substance was tough and long-lasting. This strange characteristic of concrete made a significant contribution to the success of the Roman Empire.

Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

minerals 29,000 years water white gold China stone volcanic ash harbours windows cooling/ cooling down southern/south

Ceramics
Ceramics date back approximately
The first figurines were made in the area of
Early humans could not use their pots to store
The Chinese improved the quality of ceramics by mixing with the clay.
Chinese porcelain was also called
Bottger added quartz and to clay to make porcelain.

Glass
Glass production is similar to clay ceramics apart from the rate of
The Romans introduced the use of glass to make

Concrete
The discovery of concrete is probably due to observing reactions of water and
The ability to build large contributed to the success of the Roman Empire.

Passage 1

Passage 2

Recycling at work - handy hints to employers

It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources.

On the island of Jersey, for example, the amount of waste produced each year has doubled since 1980. In 2004 it topped 100,000 tonnes - and 60% is generated by local businesses. A lot of waste for a small island!

Setting up a company scheme

Waste audit

Before starting a recycling scheme, perform an audit. This will make you aware of how much waste you are producing in the company.

Company policy

Consider switching your office waste contractor to one that provides a recycling service.

Buy recycled paper. Although this is sometimes more expensive, costs can be reduced by lowering consumption and using duplex printers.

Get everyone involved

• Raise awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters.

• Allocate a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries.

There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:

• Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period.

• Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then see the impact their actions are having.

What to recycle and how

Paper

According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be re-used for internal mail.

Plastic cups

Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be re-used. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 1%!

Electrical equipment

Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.

Answer the questions below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

newsletters/ regular newsletters notes/ writing notes posters/ educational posters audit/ an audit/ waste audit mugs/ ceramic mugs charities/ to charities printers/ duplex printers

What does the writer think should be carried out in a company before it starts recycling?

What machines can help to cut the stationery budget?

What can be displayed in the workplace to publicise the recycling scheme?

What can be distributed to motivate staff to recycle more?

What can unwanted paper be used for in the office?

What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments?
Where can unwanted PCs be sent?

How to answer any interview question

To start, take a tip from consultants who coach executives on how to handle media interviews. They say you can deliver the message you want to an employer, regardless of the question you're asked.

’Unlike some politicians, who take no notice of press questions and immediately introduce a different topic in response, job candidates must answer employers' queries,' says John Barford of the interview training firm Genesis. 'However, you can quickly make the transition from your answer to the important points you want to convey about your qualifications,' he says.

He advises candidates at job interviews to apply the formula Q = A + 1: Q is the question; A is the answer; + is the bridge to the message you want to deliver; and 1 is the point you want to make.

Diligent preparation is also necessary to effectively answer any interview question, say senior executives. They give a number of useful tips:

• Learn as much as you can beforehand. Ask company employees questions prior to job interviews to gain as much insight as you can. If the company is publicly owned, find out how viable it is by reading shareholder reports. You can then tailor what you say to the company's issues.

• Be prepared for questions that require you to show how you handled difficult challenges. These questions require stories in response, but as it's unlikely that you'll have one that fits every situation, try to recall some from your past experience that show how you coped with a range of issues.

• Count on being asked about a past mistake or blemish on your career record, and don't try to dodge the issue. Ms Murphy, president of the Murphy Group, a media interview training firm, says that it's important to steer clear of lies at all costs. Just answer the question and move on.

• When discussing a mistake, focus on the positive outcomes. 7ou learn as much by dropping the ball as you do by catching it,' says senior executive Mr Friedmann. When he was being interviewed for his current job, he mentioned he had been involved in many successful turnarounds and one that failed. ’And I said how I'd benefited in many ways from going through that experience,' he says.

Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

employees/ company employees benefited/ benefitted formula shareholder reports lies politicians/ some politicians

The writer warns candidates not to imitate the way that ignore questions in interviews.

Interviewees are recommended to follow a certain to allow them to communicate their main points.

Senior executives advise candidates to request information from before an interview.

A candidate can also learn about a business by studying its .

The head of an interview training firm advises people to avoid telling .

In his job interview, one executive explained how he had considerably from a previous failure.

Passage 3

Bringing Water to War-torn Communities

Emidio de Oliveira

(Community Aid Abroad-Oxfam Australia began working in Chicomo, Mozambique in 1992. The program began as emergency relief, helping communities recover from almost 20 years of brutal war. Three years later the program had moved into long-term development Chicomo Project Manager,

Emidio de Oliveira, explains further.)

The war and drought had severely affected the communities and famine was a terrible reality in Chicomo. The Mozambique government invited Community Aid Abroad to work in the area-the facts in the field meant we had to redefine our criteria of not providing emergency relief. We planned a first phase in which food aid, agricultural tools, blankets and clothing were provided to help the resettlement of the community, in order to be able to focus on development work.

Access to clean water was really a big problem. During the war, most boreholes and water tanks were destroyed by lack of maintenance. Because of a ten-year drought in Southern Africa, the water tanks had no water and the lagoons of Chicomo were completely dry. In 1992 there were probably two boreholes in the whole locality. By 1994 it had increased to six boreholes, but even so women had to walk two or three days to get 20 litres of water.

Chicomo is a big locality, usually around 13 000 people. When we arrived, however, most of the communities had run away due to the war. The closest cities were overloaded with people. After the war, the government wanted people to go back to their areas. We encouraged the resettlement-our presence helped create confidence that conditions were in place for them to return. We now work with about 2000 families distributed in 25 administrative cells.

Between 1994 and 1995, the project focused on agriculture, still providing everything for free. We opened four boreholes in that time and created conditions to study the locality and design the third phase, the Chicomo Rural Development Project. This aimed to provide the community with clean water by opening more boreholes, and by supporting the construction and rehabilitation of water tanks. The project also contributed to improving public health in the locality, by raising awareness of good hygiene and sanitation practices, with emphasis on the prevention and treatment of water-related diseases. The Hygiene Education Program is implemented through community activists trained by the project.

Our other objective was to strengthen local structures by providing training, and taking people to see how other communities got together to solve their problems. The boreholes are now maintained by 25 community-based Groups of Management, Maintenance and Repairs (GMMRS) which are organised in two sections: technical- responsible for repairs and maintenance— and social-responsible for mobilising the communities to maintain their monthly contribution to the spare parts fund, and for depositing those funds at the Unity Group office. The Unity Group is a local association formed in part to manage the funds of the GMMRS, and to ensure availability of spare parts. In the past the Mozambique government was responsible for the water supply services. Now, because of its financial and resource limitations-and probably to make good use of NGO's services-it has created the National Water Policy: that rural communities must be responsible for their own water sources. So the project has focussed not only on opening boreholes, but also on building local capacity to maintain and repair water sources, and on providing management and other administrative skills in key sectors of the locality.

In Chicomo there are no spare parts available within 500 to 600 kilometres. The project currently has a stock that will be handed over to the Unity Group after its completion. When there is a breakdown, a GMMR representative contacts the Unity Group to request a replace-ment. The Unity Group checks the balance of their contribution, and provides the part if the costs are covered. Otherwise the GMMR is notified of the negative balance. We are advocating better spare parts availability by encouraging the private sector to play a more active role.

Carrying water is a women's activity in Chicomo. In five years of the project, the distance that women have to walk to get water has decreased dramatically. Now the area has about 25 boreholes, and we are now drilling another five. This means women can probably go two, three times to the borehole. Consequently they have more time to deal with other aspects of the household and the community. They can participate more in other initiatives like the Unity Group-some of the most active members are women.

Complete the notes in the chart below. USING NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS choose your answers from the reading passage.

Phase	Time Frame	Focus/Title of phase	Activities
1^st Phase	1992-1994	(1)……………	Food aid, agricultural tools, blankets and clothing
2^nd Phase	(2)……………	Focus on agriculture	Opening boreholes (access to water)
3^rd Phase		(3)……………	Clean water, repair of water tanks and health education and training. Local structures to support each other through training and visits. GMMRs—Groups of Management, Maintenance and Repairs

Providing emergency relief / emergency relief 1994-1995 Rural Development / Rural Development Project

(1)
(2)
(3)

Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the tablet below. NB: There are more words than spaces so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the words more than once.

sections	two sections	technical section
Unity Group	gave	provide water
social section	countries	communities
contributed	access water	GMMR
have time	spend time

communities access water two sections / 2 sections Unity Group spend time social section contributed

SUMMARY

The Groups of Management, Maintenance and Repairs (GMMRs) are responsible for maintaining water supplies (boreholes). These groups are divided into - the technical section in charge of repairs and maintenance and the who collect contributions and deposit these funds with the . This group is in response to the National Water Policy which states that are responsible for their own water supplies.

The process begins when a spare part is requested by one of the GMMRs. The Unity Group checks how much money the GMMR has and if there is enough money the Unity Group will supply the part requested.
The Chicomo region now has 25 boreholes and so women can more often, leaving them to on other activities.

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