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MODEL TEST - GENERAL TRAINING IELTS
(Time: 90 minutes)
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Section 1
Script:
Student: Good morning! Woman: Good morning - can I help you? Student: Yes, is this where we register for the Beyond 2000 Conference? Woman: Yes? What's your name and I'll get your conference bag. Student: Well ... I haven't actually registered yet. I was told I'd be able to register today, so I hope that's OK ... I've just arrived in Melbourne. Woman: That should be fine, if you're a student. I'll need to take your details though. So can I have your full name? Student: Yes, sure. It's Melanie Mitchell. Woman: Is that M I T C H E double L? Student: Yes, that's right and that's Ms not Miss. Woman: OK, fair enough! And what's your address, Melanie? Student: I live in student accommodation at Sydney University. So my address there is Room 66. Women's College. Newtown. Woman: OK. And which Faculty are you studying in? Student: I'm in the Faculty of Education - I’m doing a Master's in Primary School Teaching. Woman: Right, and may I see your student card because I need to verify that you're a current student? Student: Yes, sure. Here it is. My number is ... 9 9 4 5 7 8 ED. Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer. Conference Registration Form | Name of Conference: | Beyond 2000 | Name: | Melanie (1)……… Ms | Address: | Room (2)……… at (3)………Newtown | Faculty: | (4)……… | Student No: | (5)……… |
1.
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66
994578ED
Women's College/Women College
Mitchell
Education
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Script:
Woman: OK - now do you want to attend all three days? The conference runs from Thursday to Saturday. Student: Yes, I think so - if I can afford it. What does it cost? Woman: Well, you're eligible for a student discount - which makes it $15 for a day registration or $40 for the three days, though it is possible to register for half a day only. Student: I'll register for all three days, please. Woman: Good ... now will you be requiring accommodation while you're here in Melbourne? Student: Yes, I suppose I will. What's available? Woman: Well... we have several levels of accommodation. You can share a room with another student for $25 a night. Student: Um. Woman: Or you can have your own room but share the bathroom - I believe it's just down the corridor - that's $45. Student: Right. Woman: Or you can have a single room with your own bathroom . Student: I don't mind sharing a room... On second thoughts, yes I do - I'll have mv own room, but I'll share the bathroom. Woman: Right ... Now the conference fee does not include meals though you’d get tea and coffee in the breaks. Shall I put you down for lunch - that's an extra $10 a day and there's the conference dinner on Friday night which is $25 ... oh, and what about breakfast? Student: Hang on a minute ... it's all starting to sound rather expensive! I'll have the lunch but not the dinner or breakfast - if that's OK? Woman: Perfectly OK. Now ... a couple of other things - there are a number of special interest groups organised - they're known as SIG's and you're asked to nominate your preference. They'll take place on the Friday afternoon and Saturday morning but they're filling up quickly which is why you need to nominate now. Student: Right. What are the SIG's? Woman: Well, there are six altogether. Let's see, on Friday you have a choice between Computers in Education or Teaching Reading Skills... Student: Um... Woman: ... or a session on Catering for the Gifted Child. Student: Oh they all sound interesting but technology in the classroom is really my area of interest rather than reading, so I'll go for that. I can probably read up on the gifted child topic myself. Woman: Right ... And then the Saturday options are: a session on Cultural Differences; or there's Music in the Primary Curriculum or you could go to the one on Gender Issues in the Classroom. Student: Wow! Can I go to them all? They all sound fascinating. Woman: 'Fraid not. Student: Well, I am really interested in how boys and girls behave differently, even when they are very young, so I'd better opt for the third session even though the Cultural Differences SIG is probably really interesting, too. Woman: Right! Student: ...and the Music option would be... Woman: And how would you like to pay? We accept most credit cards - or bank cheques but not personal cheques, I'm afraid. Been caught out too often before - and cash, of course. We never say 'No' to cash. Student: I'll have to put it on my card 'cos I don't have enough cash on me, right now. Woman: That's fine. Enjoy your time here with us in Melbourne... Choose the correct answer.
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1. Registration for: ................
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Explain:
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2. Accommodation required: ................
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Explain:
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3. Meals required: ................
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Explain:
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4. Friday SIGs: ................
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Explain:
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5. Saturday SIGs: ................
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Explain:
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6. Method of payment: ................
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Explain:
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Section 2
Script:
You will hear a speak to the group before volunteer preparing the town’s anniversary celebrations. And now for the preparation plans for the town's 250th anniversary celebrations. We are going to follow the same system we had last year, but with a few changes to increase the party spirit. First of all, this time we are going to make the concert on the beach open to everyone without charge. This is because we have been given money by the council for the celebration and also because last year we had so many problems with keeping people out who had not paid. And on top of this, people will not have to pay for refreshments either, as these are being donated. Right now, mmm, we are going to divide into four teams: the first one, the Beach Team, will be responsible for cleaning up the beach on the Saturday morning, picking up litter, bottles, plastic bags, wood and anything else that's lying around. Everyone is meeting at the Beach Shop at 8 am. It's an early start, but we want to give everywhere a good thorough clean. We have had permission from the council to close the beach to get it ready for the anniversary celebration on Sunday. The second team will be responsible for setting out seating in the square for the speeches and prize giving. Again an early start is preferable, but the vans with the seats can't be there until 9 am, so shall we say that everyone should meet at the Village Hall at 9.30? Starting then will allow extra time if the vans are late. Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Teams | Purpose | Meeting point | Time | Beach Team | pick up litter | Beach (1)……… | 8 am | Town Team | arrange (2)……… | Village Hall | (3)……… am |
Script:
Now the third team will be the judges. For each of the various competitions we will have three judges. On the whole, they will have had experience of judging before. There will be a boat race, a swimming competition and the best fancy dress. A cash prize will be given to the winner in each category and for the two runners-up there will be book-tokens. There is a sponsored mini-marathon and by the deadline lunch-time today we had 263 applicants with ages ranging from 15-60. That's 80 more than last year. Each entrant has paid a £20 registration fee to enter and all the profits will go to the local Children's Hospital to help fund much needed specialist apparatus. The fourth team consists of the wardens for the day itself. We are expecting at least 10,000 people if last year is anything to go by. The fields near the entrance to the beach can be used as car parks and we need wardens to help make sure the actual parking is more organized than last year, which was a mess. We also need someone to be in charge of the first-aid, which will be at the entrance to the beach. Finally, we need some volunteers for the clean-up. Last year we didn't do this very well and so the Council has agreed to provide large bags to collect all the recyclable material like glass and plastic etc., but we have to deal with the rest like left-over food ourselves. We don't want to leave piles of rotten food around or dangerous bottles. Choose the correct answer.
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1. What does the speaker say about the judges in the competitions?
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Explain:
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2. The winner in each of the competitions will
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Explain:
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3. The profits from the marathon will be given to the Children′s Hospital to help
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Explain:
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4. Wardens will be needed at the car park because
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Explain:
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5. Bags will be provided by the council
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Explain:
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Section 3
Script:
Student: I’m interested in entering your Business Administration program, and I’d like some information on how to apply. I’m a little concerned because I’ve been out of school for a number of years. Advisor: That could actually work to your advantage. It’s possible to get academic credit for work experience, if that experience is related to courses in our program. Student: I’ve been working in business for several years. How would I get academic credit for that? Advisor: First, you’ll need to read the university catalog to see if any of the course descriptions match your specific job experience. For example, if you’ve worked in accounting, you may be able to get credit for an accounting course. Student: So then what would I do? Advisor: You would write a summary of your work experience, relating it to specific courses we offer. Submit that to the Admissions Office with a letter from your work supervisor confirming your experience. Complete the information below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. How to get academic credit for work experience First, read the (1)......... Find courses that match your work experience. Then write (2)......... of your work experience. Submit that together with a letter from your (3)......... to the university admissions office.
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university catalog
a summary
work supervisor
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Script:
Student: Would I submit those things at the same time that I apply for admission? Advisor: That would be the best idea. Have you seen a copy of our university catalog? Student: Not the most recent one. I have a copy from last year. Advisor: You’ll need to look at the latest one. Unfortunately, I’ve run out of copies, but you can get one from the library for now, and I’ll send you your own copy as soon as I have more available. Student: Thank you. How does the admissions process work? Advisor: Well, first you’ll need to get an application for admission. Those are available in the Admissions Office. The application form contains all the instructions you’ll need. Student: That sounds simple enough. Advisor: Of course, you’ll need to make sure you meet all the admissions requirements. Student: How can I know what those are? Advisor: We have copies of the requirements lists for all university programs here in the Counseling Center. I’ll give you one before you leave today. Student: Will I need to get recommendations from my employer or former teachers? Advisor: Yes, you will. The recommendation forms are available in the Admissions Office. Now, I don’t know if you’ll also be applying for a part-time job through the university work-study program. Student: I’m considering that. How can I find out what kinds of jobs are offered? Advisor: You can access the job listings from the computers in the library. Are you planning to study full time or part time? Student: I want to be a full-time student. Advisor: Good. Then you’ll qualify for the work-study program. Part-time students aren’t eligible. Student: As a full-time student, would I be eligible for a free buss pass? Advisor: No, unfortunately, we don’t have those available for any of our students. However, you can apply for financial assistance to help pay for your books or for your tuition. Student: I’d like to look into that. Do I apply for that at the Admissions Office? Advisor: No, that’s through us. You’ll need to make an appointment with a counselor. Where can the items listed below be found?
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1. university catalog
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Explain:
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2. application for admission form
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Explain:
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3. requirements list
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Explain:
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4. recommendation forms
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Explain:
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Script:
Student: Would I submit those things at the same time that I apply for admission? Advisor: That would be the best idea. Have you seen a copy of our university catalog? Student: Not the most recent one. I have a copy from last year. Advisor: You’ll need to look at the latest one. Unfortunately, I’ve run out of copies, but you can get one from the library for now, and I’ll send you your own copy as soon as I have more available. Student: Thank you. How does the admissions process work? Advisor: Well, first you’ll need to get an application for admission. Those are available in the Admissions Office. The application form contains all the instructions you’ll need. Student: That sounds simple enough. Advisor: Of course, you’ll need to make sure you meet all the admissions requirements. Student: How can I know what those are? Advisor: We have copies of the requirements lists for all university programs here in the Counseling Center. I’ll give you one before you leave today. Student: Will I need to get recommendations from my employer or former teachers? Advisor: Yes, you will. The recommendation forms are available in the Admissions Office. Now, I don’t know if you’ll also be applying for a part-time job through the university work-study program. Student: I’m considering that. How can I find out what kinds of jobs are offered? Advisor: You can access the job listings from the computers in the library. Are you planning to study full time or part time? Student: I want to be a full-time student. Advisor: Good. Then you’ll qualify for the work-study program. Part-time students aren’t eligible. Student: As a full-time student, would I be eligible for a free buss pass? Advisor: No, unfortunately, we don’t have those available for any of our students. However, you can apply for financial assistance to help pay for your books or for your tuition. Student: I’d like to look into that. Do I apply for that at the Admissions Office? Advisor: No, that’s through us. You’ll need to make an appointment with a counselor. Choose the correct answer.
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1. What are full-time students eligible for?
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Explain:
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2. How can a student get financial assistance?
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Explain:
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Section 4
Script:
Lecturer: We are all familiar with the nuclear family, which has been the dominant family structure in the UK for the last sixty years at least. However, recent changes show that our idea of the traditional nuclear family as the cornerstone of British family life is changing. There have been emerging patterns which are eroding this structure; namely, the rise of step-families, cohabitation, lone-parenting, and the rapid increase in those living alone. We are going to explore these areas in turn, and look at their effect in terms of the family. Firstly, step-families are becoming more and more common. Step-families are created when one or both partners have a child or children from a previous relationship. In 1980 the percentage of children under thirteen who were living with one parent and their new partner was just four per cent. In 2008, this figure had increased to twenty per cent. The USA has seen an even greater rise; new statistics show that almost half of under thirteens are living in a step-family. Now, we can still call the step-family structure a 'nuclear' family, as it does follow the structure of two parents, and dependent children. However, it also creates somewhat of a nuclear 'blur'. Step-brothers and sisters may belong to two family units, so where do we draw the line at which family they belong to? Co-habitation, when partners do not marry yet live together as a family, has also increased. In 2006, of the 17.5 million families in Britain, nearly three million of these comprised unmarried couples. What does this mean to the nuclear family? Firstly, the traditional view of a nuclear family requires married parents, so we can't put these types of family under this umbrella. Statistics show that even if cohabiting couples have children, they are more likely to separate than their married equivalents. Lastly, we need to look at the rise of the DINKS, which stands for Dual Income No Kids. As Clarke and Henwood outline, many cohabiting couples are choosing a life without children, putting consumer spending first. Lone-parenting is a relatively recent family structure which has rapidly grown in the last half century. In 1972 only one in fourteen children lived in a lone-parent family. When we compare this with today's figure of one in four, we can see that this is a rapid increase. In the past, lone-parenthood was overwhelmingly the result of a death of a parent. Nowadays however, it is increasingly a choice. Some sociologists argue that this increase is due to the outlook of women. Where women once were willing to accept an unhappy or abusive marriage, now many will choose lone-parenthood. Often this can be just a transitory phase before they find a new partner. This view of women's attitudes and lone parenting is highly debated, because some figures show that the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married. You can find counter arguments for these ideas in Butler and Jones. One difficulty for single parents is that they are a social group who are much more likely to suffer from poverty and hardship. They are more likely to live in rented accommodation and have childcare issues. Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone. The number of people living alone in Britain has more than doubled in the last twenty years. In 1990 just over four million people lived alone. Now this figure has reached 8.5 million, an incredibly rapid growth which has had enormous effects on the traditional nuclear family. This number represents a great chunk of the population who either by choice or necessity, are outside the traditional family unit. Some think that these changes may not help the community. In fact, there are many arguments that this rise in alternative household structures will create a more isolationist and less community-based society, where close bonds which are usually formed within the family have no place. Leaving aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom, an important factor which must be looked at is the disproportionate expense for those living on their own. By this I mean, the burden of all costs is shouldered by one wage instead of two, and of course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a greater impact on the environment too. However, on a more positive note, people, especially women, are proving... Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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to separate
consumer spending
a step family
nuclear family
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Script:
Lecturer: We are all familiar with the nuclear family, which has been the dominant family structure in the UK for the last sixty years at least. However, recent changes show that our idea of the traditional nuclear family as the cornerstone of British family life is changing. There have been emerging patterns which are eroding this structure; namely, the rise of step-families, cohabitation, lone-parenting, and the rapid increase in those living alone. We are going to explore these areas in turn, and look at their effect in terms of the family. Firstly, step-families are becoming more and more common. Step-families are created when one or both partners have a child or children from a previous relationship. In 1980 the percentage of children under thirteen who were living with one parent and their new partner was just four per cent. In 2008, this figure had increased to twenty per cent. The USA has seen an even greater rise; new statistics show that almost half of under thirteens are living in a step-family. Now, we can still call the step-family structure a 'nuclear' family, as it does follow the structure of two parents, and dependent children. However, it also creates somewhat of a nuclear 'blur'. Step-brothers and sisters may belong to two family units, so where do we draw the line at which family they belong to? Co-habitation, when partners do not marry yet live together as a family, has also increased. In 2006, of the 17.5 million families in Britain, nearly three million of these comprised unmarried couples. What does this mean to the nuclear family? Firstly, the traditional view of a nuclear family requires married parents, so we can't put these types of family under this umbrella. Statistics show that even if cohabiting couples have children, they are more likely to separate than their married equivalents. Lastly, we need to look at the rise of the DINKS, which stands for Dual Income No Kids. As Clarke and Henwood outline, many cohabiting couples are choosing a life without children, putting consumer spending first. Lone-parenting is a relatively recent family structure which has rapidly grown in the last half century. In 1972 only one in fourteen children lived in a lone-parent family. When we compare this with today's figure of one in four, we can see that this is a rapid increase. In the past, lone-parenthood was overwhelmingly the result of a death of a parent. Nowadays however, it is increasingly a choice. Some sociologists argue that this increase is due to the outlook of women. Where women once were willing to accept an unhappy or abusive marriage, now many will choose lone-parenthood. Often this can be just a transitory phase before they find a new partner. This view of women's attitudes and lone parenting is highly debated, because some figures show that the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married. You can find counter arguments for these ideas in Butler and Jones. One difficulty for single parents is that they are a social group who are much more likely to suffer from poverty and hardship. They are more likely to live in rented accommodation and have childcare issues. Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone. The number of people living alone in Britain has more than doubled in the last twenty years. In 1990 just over four million people lived alone. Now this figure has reached 8.5 million, an incredibly rapid growth which has had enormous effects on the traditional nuclear family. This number represents a great chunk of the population who either by choice or necessity, are outside the traditional family unit. Some think that these changes may not help the community. In fact, there are many arguments that this rise in alternative household structures will create a more isolationist and less community-based society, where close bonds which are usually formed within the family have no place. Leaving aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom, an important factor which must be looked at is the disproportionate expense for those living on their own. By this I mean, the burden of all costs is shouldered by one wage instead of two, and of course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a greater impact on the environment too. However, on a more positive note, people, especially women, are proving... Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
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1 in 4/one in four
married
in rented accommodation/ rented accommodation
women
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Script:
Lecturer: We are all familiar with the nuclear family, which has been the dominant family structure in the UK for the last sixty years at least. However, recent changes show that our idea of the traditional nuclear family as the cornerstone of British family life is changing. There have been emerging patterns which are eroding this structure; namely, the rise of step-families, cohabitation, lone-parenting, and the rapid increase in those living alone. We are going to explore these areas in turn, and look at their effect in terms of the family. Firstly, step-families are becoming more and more common. Step-families are created when one or both partners have a child or children from a previous relationship. In 1980 the percentage of children under thirteen who were living with one parent and their new partner was just four per cent. In 2008, this figure had increased to twenty per cent. The USA has seen an even greater rise; new statistics show that almost half of under thirteens are living in a step-family. Now, we can still call the step-family structure a 'nuclear' family, as it does follow the structure of two parents, and dependent children. However, it also creates somewhat of a nuclear 'blur'. Step-brothers and sisters may belong to two family units, so where do we draw the line at which family they belong to? Co-habitation, when partners do not marry yet live together as a family, has also increased. In 2006, of the 17.5 million families in Britain, nearly three million of these comprised unmarried couples. What does this mean to the nuclear family? Firstly, the traditional view of a nuclear family requires married parents, so we can't put these types of family under this umbrella. Statistics show that even if cohabiting couples have children, they are more likely to separate than their married equivalents. Lastly, we need to look at the rise of the DINKS, which stands for Dual Income No Kids. As Clarke and Henwood outline, many cohabiting couples are choosing a life without children, putting consumer spending first. Lone-parenting is a relatively recent family structure which has rapidly grown in the last half century. In 1972 only one in fourteen children lived in a lone-parent family. When we compare this with today's figure of one in four, we can see that this is a rapid increase. In the past, lone-parenthood was overwhelmingly the result of a death of a parent. Nowadays however, it is increasingly a choice. Some sociologists argue that this increase is due to the outlook of women. Where women once were willing to accept an unhappy or abusive marriage, now many will choose lone-parenthood. Often this can be just a transitory phase before they find a new partner. This view of women's attitudes and lone parenting is highly debated, because some figures show that the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married. You can find counter arguments for these ideas in Butler and Jones. One difficulty for single parents is that they are a social group who are much more likely to suffer from poverty and hardship. They are more likely to live in rented accommodation and have childcare issues. Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone. The number of people living alone in Britain has more than doubled in the last twenty years. In 1990 just over four million people lived alone. Now this figure has reached 8.5 million, an incredibly rapid growth which has had enormous effects on the traditional nuclear family. This number represents a great chunk of the population who either by choice or necessity, are outside the traditional family unit. Some think that these changes may not help the community. In fact, there are many arguments that this rise in alternative household structures will create a more isolationist and less community-based society, where close bonds which are usually formed within the family have no place. Leaving aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom, an important factor which must be looked at is the disproportionate expense for those living on their own. By this I mean, the burden of all costs is shouldered by one wage instead of two, and of course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a greater impact on the environment too. However, on a more positive note, people, especially women, are proving... Choose TWO statements to answer the question.
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1. Which two points does the lecturer give as disadvantages for living alone?
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Explain:
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Passage 1
WALK FOR CHARITY Dear Friend, Please join us for our annual Walk for Charity. Starting in Weldown, you and your friends can choose a delightful 10, 20 or 30 kilometre route. The money raised will provide support to help people all over the world. Start collecting your sponsors now and then simply come along on the day. Please read the instructions below carefully, especially if you require transport to and from Weldown. See you on Sunday 14 May. V Jessop Walk Co-ordinator P.S. Well done to last year’s walkers for helping to raise a grand total of £21,000. The money has already been used to build a children's playground. | START TIMES: 30 km: 8-10 am 20 km: 8 - 10.30 am 10 km: 8-11.30 am The organisers reserve the right to refuse late-comers. CLOTHING should be suitable for the weather. If rain is forecast, bring some protection and be prepared for all eventualities. It is better to wear shoes that have been worn in, rather than ones that are new. ROUTE MAPS will be available from the registration point. The route will be sign-posted and marshalled. Where the route runs along the road, walkers should keep to one side in single file, facing oncoming traffic at all times. If you need help along the route, please inform one of the marshals. Free car parking available in car parks and on streets in Weldown. BUSES For the 10 and 20 km routes, a bus will be waiting at Fenton to take walkers back to Weldown. The bus will leave every half-hour starting at midday. The service is free and there is no need to book. Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.
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Fenton
marshals/ the marshals
Weldown
10 kilometre / 10 kilometre walk/ 10 kilometer/ 10 kilometer walk
new shoes
every half hour
10.30/ 10.30 am
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THE WEEK'S BEST (A) Wild Rose (Tuesday 19.00) This TV drama is about a young private detective employed by a team of New York businessmen who send her to Brazil to look into a series of hotel robberies. When she gets there, she discovers that the hotels, which are owned by the businessmen, have been empty for the last two years and the local authorities have no record of any robberies. (B) Animal Planet (Wednesday 23.00) This is a classic black-and-white film from the forties in which astronaut Charlie Huston crash- lands on a planet ruled entirely by animals. It is a first-class suspense adventure which also looks at the human condition, although this is not always a successful part of the film. (C) Strange Encounter (Saturday 21.00) Suspense is skilfully built up in this clever, small- scale supernatural story. A young couple view a deserted old house that they are interested in buying. They meet a strange old lady who tells them of the mystical powers of the house and how previous owners have been able to travel back through the centuries to meet their ancestors. (D) The Longest Walk (Tuesday 21.30) Flyona Campbell is nearly there. All she has to do now is walk the length of France and Britain and she has succeeded in walking around the world. Tonight she drinks coffee in a tent and tells her story to Janet Street-Porter before she sets off for the Pyrenees mountains. (E) Rubicon 5 (Thursday 20.30) This is a TV film being used to launch a new science fiction series. It has impressive special effects and a strong, believable cast of characters who travel to the twenty-third century. The action takes place in underground cities where the environment is controlled by computers. (F) New Science (Friday 19.30) This popular half-hour science magazine continues into its twenty-ninth year, proving itself to be a hardy survivor in the television world. Tonight it is presented by Carol Vorderman who introduces five reports, which include computer-driven cars and in-flight ten-pin bowling. (G) There and Back Again (Sunday 22.00) Paul Theroux's account of his recent journey from London to Japan and back makes ideal material for this evening's travel slot. Based on his own novel, the progress of his journey on the railways of Europe and Asia (Victoria station, Paris, Istanbul...) acts as a fascinating travelogue as the inhabitants gradually shift from the West to the East. For which programme are the following statements true?
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1. This programme is in the form of a personal interview.
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Explain:
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2. This programme is a documentary about technological developments.
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Explain:
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3. This programme is taken from a book.
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Explain:
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4. This film is the introduction to a set of programmes.
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Explain:
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5. This programme is about investigating a possible crime.
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Explain:
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6. These TWO programmes are about time travel.
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Explain:
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7. These TWO programmes are about present-day travellers.
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Explain:
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Passage 2
Job Interview Success When you apply for a job, the impression you create during the interview is just as important as the skills and background you bring to the table. The following suggestions will help you prepare for a successful interview. Before You Leave Home Dress appropriately. This means the attire you choose should be the same as what you would wear for work once you are hired. Conservative colors2 and styles always convey a more trustworthy image. Rehearse the interview at home. Think of questions that you will probably be asked, and prepare answers for them. This will help you be calm when you are at the actual interview. Don’t be late for your interview. The best way to avoid this problem is to decide ahead of time how you want to get there. If by bus or subway, check the schedules the day before. If by car, plan your route carefully and figure out how long it will take. Careful planning will ensure that you will make a good impression by arriving on time. During the Interview Speak clearly. Look the interviewer in the eye when speaking and use clear, confident tones. Do not speak too quickly or nervously. Rather, pronounce your words carefully and pause when searching for ideas. Speaking with a firm, clear voice is one of the best ways to give an impression of self-assurance. Ask questions. Do not be afraid to do this. It will not make you appear unprepared or stupid. On the contrary, asking the right questions shows that you are knowledgeable about the company and conveys the impression that you are interested and enthusiastic. Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer.
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conservative
voice
the schedule/the schedules
the right questions/question
calm
on time
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Five Reasons Your Business Needs a Website All businesses, large or small, need a website. Here are several reasons a website can help a company of any size improve its business. A A website is the most important tool a business has for maintaining contact with customers. The website gives customers a way to know what services or products you sell and how to contact you. By offering an e-newsletter sign-up on your website, customers can stay informed about events related to your business and your products, and you save on printing costs. A link to your blog keeps customers up-to-date on what is happening with your business, and keeps them coming back. B A website allows you to expand your customer base beyond your immediate community, and even to other countries. Anyone in the world can have access to your services and products through your website, at no extra cost. C No matter what the size of your business, it is not hard to afford a website. It is easy to set up, and it does not have to break your budget. There are templates available if you want to create a website yourself. Or, you can hire a Web designer for a more professional look. Depending on what you need, using the services of a professional does not necessarily cost huge amounts of money. The hosting fees you pay to keep your website up and running are minimal. D You can save on expenses by keeping your website simple. Even just a few pages can be enough to provide your customers with the necessary information to keep them interested in what your business has to offer. A large website with lots of pages is not always necessary. The most essential facts to include in any website—your business name and location, your products, and your contact information—can be contained on just one page. E Your website can be a place for your customers to buy your products. You may still do most of your selling at your physical place of business, but the website is another opportunity to sell, and you can reach more customers this way, too. The text contains five sections, A—E. In which section can information about the following be found? You may use any option more than once.
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1. finding international customers
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2. the cost of maintaining a website
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3. ways to communicate with customers
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4. selling your products online
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5. the size of your website
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6. website design
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7. the most important information to include
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Passage 3
Green Energy As energy prices rise and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions become more widespread, people everywhere are becoming increasingly concerned about using fossil fuels. More and more people are turning to so-called “green technologies” as a way to reduce dependence on non renewable fossil fuels. The ideal alternative energy source would be sustainable (the supply will not be exhausted), clean (no emissions), and reliable. The three most popular alternative energy sourcesare geothermal power, solar power, and wind power. Since geothermal energy taps heat from the earth, its resources range from water found just below the surface of the earth, to hot water and hot rock found a fewmiles below the surface, to even deeper rock of extremely high temperatures. In aprocess similar to drilling for oil, wells as deep as a mile or more can be drilled into underground reservoirs to tap steam and hot water that are used to run turbines andcreate energy. Power companies can then transmit this energy over power lines. Geothermal power on a smaller scale can be used for heating and coolinghouses or commercial buildings. Geothermal heat pumps, also known asground-source heat pumps, rely on the fact that the earth beneath the surfaceremains at a relatively constant temperature throughout the year. Like a cave, theground is warmer than the air above it during the winter and cooler in the summer. The geothermal heat pump transfers the heat stored in the earth into the building during the winter, and transfers it out of the building and into the ground during the summer. The ground, in other words, acts as a heat source in winter and a heat sink in summer. While geothermal heat pumps are an emissions-free and reliable source of energy, the biggest disadvantage is that such systems are expensive to install. Solar energy has come a long way from the clunky boxes of the 1970s. Today, solar energy is commonly collected by sleek and efficient photovoltaic (PV)panels. The photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity and are made of semiconductors such as crystalline silicon or other thin-film materials. The benefitsof solar power vary according to how much exposure a given building has to thesun. However, one does not need to live in the desert to take advantage of solar power. Cloudy Germany is the worldwide leader in the use of solar power. Solar power is not as pricey as geothermal power, but having a panel professionally installed can still be costly. Some enterprising home-owners reduce the initial costs by purchasing inexpensive kits and setting up the system on their own. The biggest disadvantage of a solar power system is its dependence on the amount of sunlight collected, but some cutting-edge panels can generate energy even in the rain. Wind power is created when wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Most wind turbines convert the wind’s kinetic energy into mechanical power. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft connected to a generator. Agenerator then converts this mechanical power into electricity. A group of wind turbines can produce electricity and feed it into the utility grid, where it is sent through transmission lines to homes and businesses. Like solar and geothermal energy, wind is a renewable resource that produces no emissions. Small wind energy systems can be used by homes, farms, or communities. Such systems can be connected to the larger electrical grid or used for stand-alone energy generation—a particularly attractive option for anyone living far from power company lines. A grid-connected wind turbine can reduce one’s reliance onthe power company for electricity . If the turbine cannot deliver the needed energy, the power company then makes up the difference. However, in order to take advantage of wind energy, a turbine must be in an area with average wind speed of at least 10 miles an hour, and such systems can be very expensive. Whether a given home or business uses wind, solar, or geothermal power depends on a variety of economic and environmental factors. However, expertsagree that investing in alternative energy now—whether by individuals or power companies—will pay dividends in the future.
Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
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fossil fuels
sustainable
alternative energy
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Choose the correct answer.
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1. Which THREE of the following facts about geothermal energy are mentioned in the passage?
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2. Which THREE of the following facts about solar energy are mentioned in the passage?
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3. Which FOUR of the following facts about wind energy are mentioned in the passage?
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Explain:
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