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Instruments are means of extending man's senses. What man could not see in the sky with the naked eyes, he could see with a telescope. The microscope enables man to see minute organisms that have been invisible. The radio helps him hear sounds across vast distance.
Instruments tell man what conditions are like at the bottom of the ocean among stars in outer space or within the firing chamber of an internal combustion engine. Instruments of these and other purposes extend man's measurements of the physical and biological worlds.
Instruments advance science because they help man make more accurate measurements. Measurements are quantitative. They give size, weight, and time durations. Measurements can be compared and treated mathematically to show relationships, amounts of change and directions of change. Measurements and their mathematical treatment are the key to all scientific experimentation and observation.